enterance
How did the US become critical to the war effort?
The US entered the war the same time Russia is exiting the war, and Germany concentrated forces to the Western front. Germany and Russia settled their involvement with the Breast Litovsk Treaty.
What was the impact of WW1 on the US?
The US suffered a modest death count, much lower than other nations (most deaths the result of disease), and the territories owned by the US were safe, while other nations were in ruins from the war
German Internment Camps
at least 500,000 incarcerated, much like the Japanese internment camps in WW2
Euguene Debs
(1885- 1926) - Socialist, sentenced under Espionage Act (prison & $10k fine). Ran for president while in prison, got a million votes
Self-determination
the right of people to choose their own form of government
Breast-Litovsk Treaty
Russians signed this treaty with Germany to withdraw from the war; now Germany only has to fight on the Western front
First Amendement pre-WW
Before the first world war, the American public didn't really think about civil liberties because the Federal Government didn't really touch everyday life
Propaganda in WW1
Heavy promotion of Liberty Bonds and Heavy portrayal of Germans as barbaric
Influenza Pandemic of 1918
emerged in the final months of WW1, considered the worst pandemic (death-toll wise); estimated 50 million worldwide deaths, 660,000 US citizens; Attacked seemingly healthy individuals by causing an overreaction of the immune system
Did France and England like the Fourteen Points suggested by Wilson?
France and England rejected the idea of peace without victors, mostly because France and England were in shambles after the war, and were mad at Germany
Why is November 11 significant?
Germany sued for peace in 1918 on this day, and it is named Veterans Day in the US
Why did Wilson create the Committee on Public Intervention?
Wilson claimed this was created to promote American Unification (100% American) - for the war effort
Espionage Act
1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying; made it a federal crime to discourage enlistment in the army or disobey orders; prosecuted 2k Americans and 1k Convicted; used to crush the Socialist party
Where did the Influenza Pandemic originate?
First known cases linked in Fort Riley, Kansas. Spread easily by trench warfare in France
Treaty of Versailles
Established in 1919, created the League of Nations, disbanded Austrian and Ottoman Empires, and resulted in four main clauses with Germany: 1. Germany has to give up territory, 2. Germany had to accept the war-guilt cause, 3. Germany could only have a limited size of military & arms, and 4. Germany had to pay France & Britain for financial reparations
When did German troops fall in WW1?
The fall of 1918
Creel Committee
Committee on Public Information; aimed to sell America and the world on Wilson's war goals; propaganda, censorship, "four-minute men" speeches, "Liberty Leagues" (spy on community). Promoted Vigilante Communities (snitching on those against the war effort)
APL
preformed raids without warrants (similar to Red Scare) and kept tabs on possible enemies of US
Wilson's Fourteen Points
This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for the abolition of monarchies & self-determination, disarmament, peace without victors (to avoid bitterness & future wars), and the establishment of a Leauge of Nations
German War Guilt Clause
placed all the blame for the beginning of WW1 on Germany.
What was the US role in WW1?
the us became a allied creditor to other countries
anti-German hysteria
German were labeled as the cause of the war and targeted with negative ads and comments. Those who were precieved as pro-German or anti-war were humiliated and/or lynched. German interment camps were also created; German language and culture was highly regulated, even to the point of slaughtering german dog breeds
Sedition Act of 1918
more explicit in behaviors punishable under the Espionage Act, specifically against those against the war effort
League of Nations
World organization intended to mediate country disputes before they escalate into war
Did the US ever join the League of Nations?
No, the US senate refused to ratify & there was an increased call for isolationism