A
What were the specifics of the Treaty of Versailles?
War Guilt Clause: Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting World War I.
Reparations: Germany was required to pay huge financial reparations to the Allied countries for the damage caused during the war.
Territorial Losses: Germany lost significant territory, including Alsace-Lorraine (returned to France), parts of eastern Germany (given to the new country of Poland), and all overseas colonies.
Military Restrictions: Germany’s military was severely limited — their army was reduced to 100,000 troops, no tanks or heavy artillery were allowed, and their navy and air force were restricted.
Who were the Big Four that dominated the Paris Peace Conference? (Just the countries)
USA, Great Britain, France, Italy.
Woodrow Wilson's statement of war goals were known as what?
Fourteen Points
Describe the Zimmerman Telegram.
The Zimmerman Telegram was a secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the United States, promising Mexico the return of lost territories if they joined the war on Germany’s side.
List 2 main contributing factors that explain why the US joined the war on the side of the Allies.
1. The Zimmerman Telegram
2. Unrestricted submarine warfare (The Lusitania)
When did the US join the war and what country dropped out as the US was joining?
April 1917, Russia
Name the British ship sunk by a German U-boat in May 1915 that killed over 1,200 people, including 128 Americans.
The Lusitania
Who was the President of the US during WWI?
Woodrow Wilson
What are the 4 Central Powers?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
What are 5 countries made up the Allied Powers?
France
United Kingdom (Great Britain)
Russia (until 1917)
Italy (joined in 1915)
United States (joined in 1917)
The 2 opposing sides in WWI were called the _________ Powers and the __________ Powers.
Allied and Central
Fighting occurred in many locations during WWI, but the majority of battles occurred along the __________ _______________ , the name given to the area near the French/German border.
Western Front
After the Battle of the Marne, WWI settled into a __________ where neither side could gain much ground or defeat the other. This type of warfare developed:__________.
stalemate, trench warfare.
The Schlieffen Plan failed when the British and French were able to hold off the Germans in which September 1914 battle?
Battle of the Marne
Germany's military leaders believed they could beat _____________ within 6 weeks, and they only have to fight ________________, rather than dividing their military and fighting both countries at the same time.
France, Russia
Germany invaded Belgium in order to implement the Schlieffen Plan- its military strategy to avoid a _______________________.
2 front war
When did WWI officially begin?
____________, 1914 when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
July 28
Which country stood ready to defend Serbia because of their common Slavic ethnicity?
Russia
Who was the leader of Germany during WWI?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Which country contributed to the outbreak of war by encouraging Austria to declare war on Serbia and by giving them a "blank check" of support?
Germany
What are the 4 underlying causes of WWI?
(MAIN)
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
What countries were part of the Triple Alliance? (Central Powers)
What countries were part of the Triple Entente?
France, Russia, Great Britain
What event triggered WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. They were from Austria- Hungary. The assassin who shot them was Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand nationalist group. This occured on June 28, 1914 in the city of Sarajevo.
The spark that ignites WWI starts out as a conflict between what two countries and over what underlying issue?
The spark that ignites World War I starts out as a conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.The main issue was nationalism in the Balkans—specifically, Serbia's desire to unite all Slavic people in the region (including those living under Austro-Hungarian rule). Austria-Hungary saw this as a threat to its empire.