Early Conflict
This battle plan that was proposed by Alfred, graf (count) von Schlieffen in 1905, during the Franco-German War. Implemented and modified by his successor, it led Britain to declare War on Germany to help France and finally to Germany’s defeat.
The Schlieffen Plan
In 1904 Morocco had been given to France by Britain, but the Moroccans wanted independence and were supported by Germany. War was avoided, but in 1911, the Germans were again protesting against French possession of Morocco. Britain supported France and Germany was persuaded to back down for part of French Congo.
The Moroccan Crisis
a series of military operations intended to achieve a particular objective, confined to a particular area, or involving a specified type of fighting.
Campaign
Sent back to Russia by Germany to start a rebellion and cause Russia to exit the war
Vladimir Lenin
On a railway carriage, a cease-fire to end the fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their opponent, Germany.
Armistice
Invaded by Germany to avoid the French army that had fordified on the German-French border
Belgium
The Bosnian Crisis
In 1908, Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia. This angered Serbians who felt the province should be theirs. Serbia threatened Austria-Hungary with war, Russia, allied to Serbia, mobilised its forces. Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary mobilised its forces and prepared to threaten Russia. War was avoided when Russia backed down.
a situation in which neither side in an argument or contest can make progress.
Stalemate
Prime Minister of Germany during WWI
Otto von Bismarck
Constitution included these highlights:The German Reich is a Republic. The government is made of a president, a chancellor and a parliament (Reichstag). They wanted peace with the allies
Weimar Republic
French fortress city that lost over 300,000 men fighting a year long battle with Germany in 1916
Verdun
The Balkans Crisis
In 1911 and 1912 there was war in the Balkans when the Balkan states drove Turkey out of the area. The states then fought each other over which area should belong to which state. Austria-Hungary intervened and forced Serbia to give up land. Tension between Serbia and Austria-Hungary was high.
a type of offensive military operation that uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach
Amphibious assault
American commander of the American Expeditionary Force
General John J. Pershing
This part of the treaty blamed the entire war on Germany, and stated that it’s aggression was the sole cause of WWI conflict
War Guilt Clause
This territory that was ceded by France to Germany in 1871 after the Franco-German War. The loss of was a major cause of anti-German feeling in France in the period from 1871 to 1914
Alsace and Lorraine
This treaty took Russia out of the war
Brest Litovsk
(“undersea boat”), a German submarine…aka U-boats
Unterseeboot
Fought in major engagement such as the Battle of Cantigny and Battle of Belleau Wood Forest; they help liberated hundreds of square miles of French territory.
Doughboys
President Woodrow Wilson's peace plan suggestion:
Reduction in arms
Open trade with freedom of the seas
New sovereignty
Open alliances
14 Points
This country switched sides in 1915 because of the offers of more land once the war was won
Italy
Note the information below, but doesn't have to say:
(before the outbreak of war in August 1914, Italy had sided with Germany and Austria-Hungary.)
“The Sick Man of Europe”
The Ottoman Empire
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
The Germans would sink vessels on sight without warning.
The Big Four
Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy
St. Petersburg new name during WWI
Petrograd