Causes of WWI
Triple Allies: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers: England, France, Italy, and Russia
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
Putting an end to the major arena of fighting on the Eastern Front. It temporarily helped the Germans by freeing up troops, but this advantage did not do the Germans much good. Vladimir Lenin.
July 28, 1914-November 11,1918. The Allied troops created a peace treaty with Germany, hoping the hatred between these countries would die down. The Allied troops created a treaty called the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles is an outcome of World War 1 because they created the treaty to end World War 1 and its friction left behind.
To produce necessary war equipment, governments took greater control of the economy, converted factories to wartime production, & set production quotas. All available citizens were put to work. Neutral countries like the USA were able to profit by trading with countries.
at war
Allied victory by the French & Britain against the German army. There was a gap between two German armies which the Allies exploited. This was important because it caused the war to become a stalemate. It also ended German hopes of a quick victory.
The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace. Called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.
In order to supply to front lines with enough soldiers, what did governments use that required men to fight?
Conscription. At first men volunteered for the war, but by 1916, people began to realize how “bad” the war was & volunteers decreased. Governments had to draft soldiers because there were not enough troops. Men 18-50 had to register and there was a lottery for soldiers that would have to report for duty.
It was fought over control of the Ottoman Empire. Allied Powers wanted to gain way from sea straight into Russia. Major failure for Allies, first major battle for the Australian/New Zealander troops.
In June 1919, the peacemakers summoned representatives of the new German Republic to the palace of Versailles outside Paris. The Germans were ordered to sign the treaty drawn up by Allies. German reparations would come to over $30 billion dollars. They were forced to assume full responsibility for causing the war.
Propaganda. Propaganda was used to explaining to their own people why the nation was involved in the war. Emotional and patriotic posters were used to recruit men to fight and to convince citizens to buy war bonds in order to raise enough money to fight the war. Posters commonly urged wartime savings and conservation in order to guarantee that the military would have enough resources to fight the war.
It is a cruise ship that got sunk by the German U-boats killing 128 American passengers. This made President Wilson seriously consider entering WWI. Even after this event President Wilson did not go to war, but he did start funding the Allied Powers.
Who were the major leaders at the Paris conference and what were their goals?
Woodrow Wilson: Wanted "fair and lastin peace" and had written a plan, The Fourteen Points, to achieve this. He wanted the armed forces of all nations reduced and a League of Nations created to ensure peace.
Lloyd George: While his personally agreed with Wilson, he was affected by public opinion in Britain which agreed with Clemenceau.
Georges Clemenceau: The French Leader, nickname "the Tiger" for his fierce anti-German war policy.
It was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia during World War I. Allied forces launched a large-scale land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula, and invasion also proved a dismal failure, and Allied forces were staged a full retreat from the shores of the Peninsula, after 250,000 causalities.
Throughout the war, resources became scarce so governments began using what?
Rationing. Rationing programs allowed people to use only small amounts of essential resources, like food & fuel. Governments directed supplies & resources to the soldiers on the front and controlled prices of goods at home. Civilians needed tickets to be able to buy goods. Many people grew victory gardens to support rationing programs.
A spring telegram from Germany to Mexico urging them to join them in the war. It promised to regain US land that Mexico had previously owned. The telegram was intercepted by British spies and shown to President Wilson, pushing him more to war against the Germans .
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Alsace Lorraine, captured by Germany in 1870, was returned to France.
The Saar, an important German coalfield, was to be given to France for 15 yrs. after which a plebiscite would decide ownership.
Poland became an independent country with a "route to the sea" a corridor of land cutting Germany in two.
Danzig, a major port in E. Prussia (Germany) was to be under international rule.
All German and Turkish Colonies were taken away and put under Allied control.
Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Czechoslovakia were made independent.
Austria-Hungry was split up and Yugoslavia was created.