Pre-WWI & WWI Causes
What was the European period between 1870 and 1914 called?
The Armed Peace
What countries were the Central Powers?
When was the Russian Revolution?
1917
What economic consequence of WWI was a result of Europe's loans from the US?
High levels of debt
What is the monopolization of press, radio, and posters used to promote state ideology and censure government opposition called?
Propaganda
After its unification in 1871, what country became the most important power in Europe?
Germany
What countries were the Allied Powers? Name at least 4
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, the US, Greece, Portugal, China, Japan, Romania, Belgium
Name a characteristic of the Russian Empire before revolution
1. Autocratic 2. Semi-feudal economy 3. Social unrest
What 2 countries were the first to recover from the post-war economic crisis?
The US and Japan
What were the names of the secret police in Germany and the secret police in the USSR?
Germany - Gestapo
USSR - KGB
What was the alliance (formed in 1907) between France, Great Britain, and Russia called?
The Triple Entente
What was the German offensive that consisted of launching a rapid attack on the Front called?
The Schlieffen Plan
What are 2 causes of the Russian Revolution?
1. The Russo-Japanese War (high taxes and poorly organized army) 2. Rise of political parties 3. The 1905 Revolution 4. WWI
What is hyperinflation and what country experienced hyperinflation after WWI?
Monetary inflation occurring at a very high rate
Germany - the government began circulating large quantities of bank notes despite the German money being almost worthless, due to their worthlessness, products within Germany would cost insanely large amounts of money - amount of money that people did not have
Why did Mussolini offer subsidies to large families as part of his social policies?
To increase the birth rate
What caused WWI? 3 Major Reasons
1. Recurring crises in the Balkans 2. Competition between France and Germany (Alsace-Lorraine and Morocco) 3. The UK felt threatened by Germany's large fleet of merchant ships
What assassination initiated WWI? (Who was assassinated and when?) What 2 countries/empires went to war after the assassination?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28 June 1914
The Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia
What was the name of the Russian parliament that Tsar Nicolas II authorized?
The Duma
What was the name given to the 1920s as a result of the economic recovery and prosperity (particularly in the US)?
The Roaring 20s
In what ways did Stalin implement political repression?
In the 1930s, he led purges among high-ranking members of the party, government, army, and the population, suspecting many of forming conspiracies against his regime
Many suspects were sent to gulags or executed
What were the two phases of German foreign policy between 1871 and 1914 called?
The Biscmarckian System (1871-1890) and The Expansionist Foreign Policy of Wilhelm II (1890-1914)
Which one of the treaties that ended the war (ensuing after the Paris Peace Conference) created severe terms for Germany? Name one severe term for Germany
Treaty of Versailles
Prohibition of heavy artillery, planes and submarines; payment of huge economic reparations; reduction of its territories, return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, loss of Sudetenland; demilitarization of Rhineland; division of eastern territories to give Poland access to the sea
Who led the Mensheviks and who led the Bolsheviks?
Mensheviks - Alexander Kerensky
Bolsheviks - Vladimir Lenin
Name the economic phases of the Inter-War Years (there are 4)
1. Post-war crisis 2. Recovery in the 1920s 3. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 4. The Great Depression of the 1930s
What is indoctrination? Give an example based on the regimes of Germany, Italy, or the USSR
Teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs without any factual basis, in an effort to control a population