Women & minorities
During World War II, these were planted by families in the United States (the Home Front) to help prevent a food shortage. This meant food for everyone! Planting these helped make sure that there was enough food for our soldiers fighting around the world.
victory gardens
a slogan and drive to promote the fight for democracy abroad and within the United States for African Americans during World War II.
Double V Campaign
Mexican laborer allowed into the US for a limited time as a seasonal agricultural worker.
braceros
refers to a subculture of Chicanos and Mexican-Americans, associated with zoot suits, street gangs, nightlife, and flamboyant public behavior.
Pachucos
a person born in the US or Canada whose parents were immigrants from Japan.
nisei
group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II. They formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces.
Tuskegee airmen
signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry. It also set up the Fair Employment Practice Committee.
Executive order 8802
a civilian women pilots' organization, whose members were United States federal civil service employees.
WASP (Women Airforce Service Pilots)
forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war
Bataan Death March
a Japanese immigrant to North America.
Isei
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
civil disobedience
state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democrat-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period, in the late 19th century, the laws were enforced until 1965. Limited the political impact of blacks during WWII. Many migrated north for this reason
Jim Crow laws
Army unit created during World War II to enable women to serve in noncombat positions. Never before had women, with the exception of nurses, served within the ranks of the U.S. Army. With the establishment of this, more than 150,000 did so
WAC (Womens Army Corp)
refers to any Department of Veterans Affairs education benefit earned by members of Active Duty, Selected Reserve and National Guard Armed Forces and their families. The benefit is designed to help servicemembers and eligible veterans cover the costs associated with getting an education or training.
GI Bill
1941, "a day that will live in infamy......."
an attack from Japan at a U.S. naval base, prompting U.S. entry into WWII
Pearl Harbor
he was an officer at Ft. Hood and used passive resistance to protest the treatment of black officers in the military. An American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947.
Jackie Robinson
made native Americans in the U.S. citizens
Nationality Act 1940
a branch of the U.S. Navy formed during World War II (1939–45) in which women could enlist. Before its formation, women could serve only as nurses in the military
WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service)
a cultural icon of World War II, representing the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who joined the military.
Rosie the Riveter
nationalistic, supported Japanese army, fueled the fear of espionage and sabotage
San Francisco Japanese Military Serviceman's League
As the United States entered World War II, this organization joined union organizer A. Philip Randolph in support of a massive March on Washington to protest discrimination in the armed forces and defense industries.
NAACP (National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People)
recruited during World War II by the Marines to serve in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater.
Navajo Code talkers
fights between mexican-american men and anglo sailors and marines in Los Angeles, California (Meier & Rivera, 193). Sailors and marines were constantly beating up Mexican American teenagers (Muñoz, 37).
Zoot suit riots
compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
conscription
Franklin D. Roosevelt signs this, initiating a controversial World War II policy with lasting consequences for Japanese Americans. The document ordered the removal of resident enemy aliens from parts of the West vaguely identified as military areas and into internment camps
Executive order 9066