Introduction topics
Mexican Revolution
Russian Revolution
WWI
Mexico after the Revolution
100
What is polarization?
Clash between two groups with irreconcilable ideas
100
What types of struggle/fight occurred during the in the different regions of the country?
Center-Political: anti-re-electionism, constitution
South-Social: return the land to the peasants
North-Economic: provide land to the uprooted
100
Who fought in the Russian Civil War?
Reds (bolsheviks and Soviets) and Whites (mensheviks and anti-communists).
100
What was the "live and let live" policy?
Soldiers stopped attacking each other and just lived in the trenches.
100
Describe articles 3, 27 and 123
3: Free, mandatory and secular education.
27: Nationalization of lands and natural resources.
123: labor rights
200
Difference between primary and secondary sources.
Primary sources were made during the historical process and secondary sources were made after.
200
Why was the Díaz-Creelman Interview a precedent of the Mexican Revolution?
Because Díaz implies that he is no longer going to be president.
200
What happened in the Bloody Sunday (1905)? This will spark an initial sentiment of rebellion.
The citizens did a peaceful protest, but the tsar ordered the soldiers to shoot at them.
200
Why was the Treaty of Versailles unfair?
It blamed Germany for the whole war and imposed severe measures to 'prevent' them from causing another war.
200
Mention 2 anticlerical measures established before the Cristero War happened.
300
Name the conditions for a fact to become 'HISTORICAL'.
1. Relevant to society
2. Connected to other facts
3. Caused a change
4. Distant from present
300
Why were the "tiendas de raya" an example of abuse of power?
Workers were forced to buy their groceries there with vouchers, at very high prices.The boss ended up keeping his money.
300
True or false: The October Revolution ends tsarism in Russia by overthrowing Nicholas II and the Romanovs from power. (Explain why).
False, because that took place before, in the February Revolution.
300
Why was nationalism a cause of WWI?
Because it increased rivalry and tensions between nations. People were willing to give their lives to defend their nation.
300
How did the Bucareli Treaty (1923) affect Mexico's self-determination?
(autodeterminación)
It forced Mexico to violate their own Constitution by allowing USA to keep extracting oil (petróleo) from Mexico, in exchange for political recognition.
400
What is the role of the government in capitalism and socialism?
Capitalism: NO intervention
Socialism: Control over the means of production / cover basic needs of the population
400
What were the two sides of the Mexican Civil War (during the Revolution)?
Constitutionalists: The creation of a Constitution to rule Mexico.
Conventionists: A provisional convention of revolutionaries ruling Mexico.
400
What is the main reason why the Provisional Government of Kerenski failed (after the abdication of the tsar)?
He kept Russia in WWI.
400
Name an example of 'attrition war' strategies that were used during the WWI.
Zeppelins to bomb cities, destruction of resources and means of transport, long battles with lots of deaths.
400
How can this imagen of Rasputin and Nicholas II be related to the 'Maximato'?
Rasputin was making all of the political decisions, even though Nicholas II was the tsar.
In the Maximato the government was controlled by Plutarco Elías Calles, even though he was no longer the president.
500
Mention how direct, cultural and structural violence manifested in the Russian Revolution.
Direct: battles, assassinations, Bloody Sunday, civil war.
Cultural: Rejection towards other ideologies (e.g. tsarists vs. communists). Classism (exclusion of the peasants and workers).
Structural: inequality, absolutism, concentration of wealth/lands.
500
Why did Victoriano Huerta's presidency failed after 1 year? Name at least 2 reasons.
Dissolution of Congress, repression of oppositors, assassination of politicians and revolutionaries.
Decena Trágica (killed the president and vicepresident to get in power).
500
Why does the NEP (New Economic Policy) NOT align with the ideals of the Russian Revolution?
Because it leans more towards capitalism than socialism, due to foreign investment and market openness.
500
Describe what were the Balkan Wars.
The Ottoman Empire disintegrated, and the Balkan nations fought over the territories.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, which angered Serbia.
500
Mention at least two accomplishments of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (the first presidency of 6 years).
Oil expropriation (nationalization).
Land/agrarian distribution.
Import substitution.