Atom
State the 3 subatomic particles and their charges:
Proton (positive, +)
Electron (negative, -)
Neutron (neutral)
Explain what the group number means.
Column on the periodic table: how many electrons in the valence (outer) shell
State how many of each element are in the formula:
metal + water ------> ?
metal + water ------> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
State the following for acids:
pH values
Colour in Universal indicator
Colour in litmus paper
pH values less than 7
Colour in Universal indicator red, orange or yellow
Colour in litmus paper red
Explain why atoms are neutral
Atoms are overall uncharged (neutral) as they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, so they cancel out (p+ = e-)
Explain what the period number means.
Row on the periodic table: how many energy levels an atom contains
State how many of each element are in the formula:
metal + oxygen ------> ?
metal + oxygen ------> metal oxide
State the following for bases/alkali and neutral:
pH values
Colour in Universal indicator
Colour in litmus paper
pH values greater than 7-----at 7
Colour in Universal indicator dark green, blue or purple----green
Colour in litmus paper blue----no change
What does mass number mean?
number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Compare and contrast the position of N and O in the periodic table.
N & O are in the same period (row) as they both have 2 energy levels in the atom.
However, they are in different groups. N has 5 electrons in the outer shell, so is in group 15 whereas O has 6 electrons in the outer shell so is in group 16.
State how many of each element are in the formula:
metal + acid ------> ?
metal + acid ------> metal salt + hydrogen
What is neutralisation? Write down an equation
A reaction between an acid & a base, forming salt and water
What does atomic number mean?
Number of protons in an atom
Compare and contrast the position of Mg and Ca in the periodic table.
Mg (2,8,2) & Ca (2,8,8,2) are in the same group (column) as they both have 2 electrons in their outer shells.
However, they are in different periods (rows) as they have a different number of energy levels. Mg has 3 energy levels so is in period 3, whereas Ca has 4 energy levels so is in period 4.
State how many of each element are in the formula:
Name 3 common lab acids and their formula
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Sulfuric acid H2SO4
Nitric acid HNO3
Explain how toothpaste (a base) reduce damage caused by acid producing bacteria in your mouth.
The base in toothpaste will neutralise the acid produced by the bacteria in your mouth. The salt + water produced in the reaction are not harmful to your teeth, like the acid is.
Carbon atom is
12C6
Draw the electron arrangement for it.
2,4
Define electron configuration and valence shell
arrangement of electrons in an atom
outermost shell
State how many of each element are in the formula:
Name 4 common types of bases
Everyday: toothpaste, oven cleaner, bleach
Lab: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Write the word equations for when calcium hydroxide reacts with:
Hydrochloric acid + calcium hydroxide -----> ?
Nitric acid + calcium hydroxide -----> ?
Sulfuric acid + calcium hydroxide -----> ?
Write the word equations for when calcium hydroxide reacts with:
Hydrochloric acid + calcium hydroxide -----> calcium chloride + water
Nitric acid + calcium hydroxide -----> calcium nitrate + water
Sulfuric acid + calcium hydroxide -----> calcium sulfate + water