Genetics
This molecule carries genetic information in living things.
DNA
According to this law, matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
The law of conservation of mass.
The number of complete waves passing a point each second is called this.
Frequency.
The time taken for half the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay is called this.
Half-life.
A change in DNA sequence is known by this term.
Mutation.
A section of DNA that contains instructions for a particular characteristic or product is called this.
A gene.
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a product is called this.
A synthesis reaction.
This part of the electromagnetic spectrum is commonly used for medical imaging of bones.
X-rays.
This process splits a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing energy.
Nuclear fission.
The differences in inherited characteristics among individuals in a population are called this.
Genetic variation.
This term describes an organism’s genetic makeup, while phenotype describes its observable characteristics.
Genotype.
Balance this equation: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O.
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.
A wave travels at 20 m/s and has a frequency of 5 Hz. Calculate its wavelength.
Wavelength = speed ÷ frequency = 20 ÷ 5 = 4 m.
This process joins small atomic nuclei to form a larger nucleus, releasing energy.
Nuclear fusion.
This process occurs when organisms with advantageous inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Natural selection.
This type of cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Mitosis.
A compound with pH 3 is acidic, basic or neutral?
Acidic.
A vehicle’s velocity changes from 4 m/s to 16 m/s in 3 s. Calculate its acceleration.
Acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time = (16 − 4) ÷ 3 = 4 m/s².
State one way a nuclear reaction differs from an ordinary chemical reaction.
Nuclear reactions change atomic nuclei; chemical reactions rearrange electrons/bonds while nuclei remain unchanged.
Name one type of evidence scientists use to support the theory of evolution.
fossil record, comparative anatomy, DNA/molecular evidence, or observed evolutionary change.
: A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from the alleles of two parents is called this.
A Punnett square.
Using collision theory, explain why increasing temperature usually increases reaction rate.
Particles have greater average kinetic energy, collide more often, and a greater proportion of collisions have enough energy to react.
State Newton’s second law and use it to calculate the net force on a 3 kg object accelerating at 2 m/s².
Newton’s second law: net force equals mass × acceleration. F = 3 × 2 = 6 N.
Name one environmental issue that must be considered when evaluating nuclear energy.
: Acceptable answers include radioactive waste management, accident/radiation risk, mining impacts, or impacts of cooling-water use.
Rock art can record people, animals, environments or practices from earlier periods; comparing images and their context can provide evidence of changes over time.
Explain how First Nations rock art can provide evidence of change over time.