Hazards
What is the definition of a hazard?
A danger or risk with the potential to cause harm, injury, illness, property damage, or environmental degradation.
What are the four layers of the earth?
Crust, Mantle, Inner Core and Outer Core
What are the 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries?
Divergent, Convergent & Transformation
Earthquakes are caused by what plate boundary movement?
Transformation
Name ONE New Zealand volcano.
Any appropriate answer
Approximately 108 - 120 deaths in Mt. Tarawera. 185 deaths in the Chch Earthquake.
Social
Where is Mt. Tarawera?
What year was the earthquake in Christchurch?
2011
Fire is what kind of hazard?
Climatic OR Technological
What is the thickest layer and the thinnest layer?
Mantle & Crust
What is the tectonic plate boundary that creates volcanoes? Be specific
Convergent - Subduction
Why was Christchurch's 7.1 earthquake less damaging than a 6.3?
Because it was deeper in the earths crust, and therefore less felt on the surface.
What year was the Christchurch Earthquake?
2011
Establishment of CERA (Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority) with special government powers.
Political - because government had to RESPOND to the situation and create new laws.
What year did Mt. Tarawera erupt?
1886
True or False - there was a 7.1 magnitude earthquake in 2010.
True
What are the FOUR categories of Hazards?
- Biological
- Climatic
- Geological
- Technological
What is the process that names the movement of magma in the mantle?
Convection Currents
What do we call the movement of tectonic plates over a long period of time?
Continental Drift
What is the point INSIDE OF THE CRUST where the earthquake happens? Focus or Epicentre?
Focus
What is the process in an earthquake where the soil becomes liquid and jelly like? Able to sink buildings or cars?
Liquefaction
Central Business District (CBD) blocked off for over 2 years, stopping local retail/tourism.
Economic
Name 3 ways that local Maori benefitted from the Pink and White Terraces.
- tourism
- cooking
- bathing
- healing properties
How many people died during the earthquake?
185 deaths
Tsunami is what kind of hazard?
Geological
What are the TWO types of crust?
Oceanic and Continental
New Zealand sits on what TWO tectonic plates?
Pacific Plate & Australian Plate
What are the waves that are released during an earthquake called?
Seismic Waves
What mountain range, home to Mount Everest, was created by collision (convergent) plate boundary?
The Himalayas
Widespread liquefaction pushing 400,000+ tonnes of silt onto roads and suburban yards.
Environmental & Economic - because of the destruction of the natural environment and the cost of repairs
What is a caldera?
A collapsed volcano
What area was hit the worst in the Chch Earthquake?
The CBD or City Centre
An avalanche is what kind of hazard?
Geological
How many degrees (in thousands) is the inner core?
6,000
What was the name of the super continent?
Pangea
What are the cracks in the earth that catch, cause friction, and create the earthquake called?
What South American country had the largest EVER recorded earthquake in our history?
Chile
Destruction of the Pink and White Terraces (considered the 8th natural wonder of the world).
Social - changed how Maori lived their lives (cooking, bathing, tourism). Economic - Maori could no longer carry out tours and earn money.
What was the main mineral the Pink and White terraces were made from?
Silica
Liquefaction created significant damage to the underground pipes - water, sewage, power - and infrastructure (roads, housing, buildings, etc,.) WHAT IS LIQUEFACTION?
A process, where during an earthquake, solid material (like wet sand or soil) loses its strength and turns jelly or liquid like.