Biological
Name the brain region linked to spatial memory.
Hippocampus – Maguire
Define schema.
a mental framework or blueprint that organizes information and helps us make sense of the world.
Define social identity theory.
a psychological framework that explains how people's sense of self is derived from the groups they belong to, which influences their behavior and perceptions of other groups.
Define independent variable.
the factor in an experiment that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on a dependent variable
What neurotransmitter did Antonova test?
Acetylcholine
Who proposed the working memory model?
Baddeley & Hitch
Which study used the Robbers Cave camp?
Sherif
Name one experimental design type.
True experiment, quasi experiment, observational study, correlational study, case study
Which hormone did McGaugh & Cahill manipulate?
Adrenaline
Which study used the word “smashed” vs “hit”?
Loftus & Palmer
What did Bandura’s experiment demonstrate?
Observational learning
Why use double-blind procedure?
To minimize bias by ensuring that neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the active treatment versus a control or placebo.
Which researchers study showed heritability for depression?
Kendler
What does Brewer & Treyens show about schemas?
That memory is influenced by schemas, leading people to recall details that fit expectations and sometimes remember things that weren’t actually there.
What is illusory correlation?
a cognitive bias where people perceive a relationship between two variables when none actually exists. see: Hamilton & Gifford
What is triangulation and why is it used by researchers?
a strategy that uses multiple data sources, methods, theories, or researchers to increase the validity and credibility of findings.
What’s the main limitation of biological correlates studies?
Causation can’t be inferred
What is the main limitation of lab memory studies?
Low ecological validity
What factor did Steele & Aronson manipulate?
stereotype threat
Describe what a “quasi” experiment means.
An experiment where the independent variable isn’t manipulated by the researcher because it’s a naturally occurring condition, such as age, gender, or diagnosis.