Phonetics & Phonology
Coughs, laughter and breath that carry meaning in a conversation.
What are vocal effects?
Reducing the length of a word - probs, bro
Joins words, phrases or clauses. There are two types -co-ordinating and subordinating
What is a conjunction?
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
What is euphemism?
Words that sounds like what they mean e.g. boom, crash, whisper
What is onomatopoeia?
Describe position in time, space and attitude - in, at, according to, underneath
What is a preposition?
A sentence that requests or commands. Most often starts with the verb and omits the subject..
What is an imperative?
A derogatory or unpleasant term used instead of a pleasant or neutral one.
What is dysphemism?
Volume, Pitch, Intonation, Stress, Tempo
What are prosodic features?
A morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem. In English, only swear-words can do this.
What is an infix?
Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex, fragment
What is a sentence structure?
It's absolutely totally the worst thing to ever happen in the history of time.
What is hyperbole?
Repetition of sounds at the start of a word
What is alliteration?
Proper nouns becoming common nouns - google, bandaid, esky
What is commonisation?
A sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, joined by a co-ordinating conjunction. 2+ verbs, co-ordinating conjunctions only.
What is a compound sentence?
Meaning patterns - some of them are: simile, metaphor, personification, pun
What is semantic patterning?
The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in verse or prose e.g. there was MOVEment at the STAtion for the WORD had passed aROUND
What is rhythm?
Can't, won't, it's, 'tis
What is contraction?
A repetition of grammatical structure e.g. "I came, I saw, I conquered"
What is parallelism?
When words can be interpreted in multiple ways due to homonymy or polysemy e.g. bank - of a river or a financial institution
What is lexical ambiguity?
The vowel sound lessens - schwa
What is vowel reduction?
BBC ACACIAS
What is the mnemonic for morphological patterning?
Sentence patterns - listing, parallelism, antithesis
What is syntactic patterning?
Giving something movement e.g. The books flew off the tables
What is animation?
Sound patterns - alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme
What is phonological patterning?
Auxiliary verbs that alter necessity or possibility. Must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might
What is a modal verb?
The person/thing being affected by the verb - I killed HIM
What is the object/patient?
One's self-respect and desire to liked, respected and seen as a member of the group.
What is positive face?
Leaving out sounds - 'av for have
What is elision?
When scavenger created scavenge, editor created edit.
What is backformation?
An additional piece of information about the verb - IN THE MORNING, the teacher came to school
What is an adverbial?
One's autonomy, or ability to do what they want and not be imposed upon by others.
What is negative face?
"The silly FIT" has an example of this.
What is assonance?
When a hug and a cuddle make a huggle
What is a blend?
The process of turning verbs (actions or processes) into nouns (-tion, -ance, -age, -ment) to increase the density and abstraction of a text e.g. the ACCEPTANCE of this offer includes the CREATION of an unjust system
What is nominalisation?
A contrast between what is being said and what is actually happening e.g. Someone who is complaining about the poor standard of English making errors themself
What is irony?
"Sitter pat" has an example of this.
What is consonance?
Smoko, arvo, U-ey - is quintessential process in Australian English
What is a hypocorism?
An inverted order - object, (aux v) verb, (by) subject
What is passive voice?
Positive or negative feelings about a word
What are connotations?