Topic 1 - Social Psychology
What is meant by 'socialisation'?
The process through which people learn the attitudes, values, behaviours and norms appropriate to their society or groups.
What is prosocial behaviour?
Include an example
Behaviour intended to benefit or help another person or group.
Helping an injured person; donating to charity; comforting a friend; volunteering.
What are the three components of the tri-component model of attitudes?
Cognitive, affective and behavioural components.
What is an individualist culture?
Give one characteristic commonly associated with individualist cultures.
A culture that tends to emphasise individual autonomy, independence and personal goals.
Emphasis on independence, personal achievement or individual choice.
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Au
Which Australian-born actor played Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe?
Chris Hemsworth
What is primary socialisation? Including an example
Socialisation that occurs mainly during childhood, particularly through the family and other close caregivers.
A parent teaching a child to say “please” and “thank you”.
How can mood affect prosocial behaviour?
Positive mood can increase helping in some situations, while negative mood may sometimes increase helping as a way of alleviating one's own distress.
What is an implicit attitude?
An attitude that may operate automatically or outside conscious awareness.
What is culture?
A system of shared behaviours, beliefs, values, norms and practices characteristic of a group or society.
What is scapegoating?
Blaming an individual or group for problems or frustrations that they may not have caused.
Which actor played Ken alongside Margot Robbie's Barbie in the 2023 film Barbie?
Ryan Gosling
What did Asch's conformity research investigate?
Whether people would conform to an obviously incorrect majority judgment in a line-judgement task.
What is the bystander effect?
The tendency for an individual to be less likely to help when other people are also present.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Psychological discomfort resulting from inconsistency between attitudes, beliefs, cognitions and/or behaviour.
What is assimilation ?
A process in which individuals or groups adopt the culture of the dominant society, potentially reducing or losing aspects of their original cultural identity.
Give one potential advantage of stereotypes.
They can simplify complex social information and allow people to make rapid judgments.
What is the name of the fictional town where Stranger Things is primarily set?
Hawkins
What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
Conformity involves adjusting behaviour to match a group or social norm, whereas obedience involves following an instruction or command from an authority figure.
Why can the presence of other people reduce helping?
People may assume someone else will act, look to others for cues about whether an emergency exists, or fear embarrassment if they respond incorrectly.
Give one way a person could reduce cognitive dissonance.
Change their behaviour, change their attitude, add a new cognition or rationalise the inconsistency.
What is multiculturalism?
The coexistence and recognition of multiple cultural groups within a society, without requiring one culture to dominate or assimilate the others.
What is the self-serving bias?
The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors but failures to external factors.
Which Australian animal has fingerprints remarkably similar to humans?
Koala
What was the main purpose of Milgram's (1963) obedience study?
Obedience - To investigate how far ordinary people would obey an authority figure when instructed to administer apparently harmful electric shocks to another person.
What is the basic idea behind the proximity effect in attraction?
People are more likely to form relationships with individuals they encounter frequently or who are physically/socially close to them.
What is social identity theory?
A theory proposing that people's self-concept is partly derived from their membership in social groups.
What is pluralism?
A society in which different cultural groups coexist while maintaining their distinct identities, being in the presence of a dominant culture.
What is the largest planet in our solar system?
Jupiter
Which artist released Houdini, Levitating and New Rules?
Dua Lipa
Distinguish between compliance, identification and internalisation.
Compliance - outwardly going along with others (temporary)
Identification - adopting behaviour because of a desire to belong to or be associated with a group/person (lasts as long as you're in that role)
Internalisation - genuinely accepting the group's beliefs or behaviour as one's own (permanant)
What does a biological/evolutionary explanation of attraction propose?
Some preferences may have developed because they historically increased reproductive success or survival.
Which sequence best represents the three processes in social identity theory?
A. Comparison → categorisation → identification
B. Identification → categorisation → comparison
C. Categorisation → identification → comparison
D. Categorisation → comparison → learning
C. Categorisation → identification → comparison
What is a superordinate goal?
A goal that is important to members of different groups and can only be achieved effectively through cooperation between them.
What is the capital of New Zealand?
Wellington
What is a group of crows called?
A murder
What is meant by injunctive social norms?
Information about what behaviours people approve or disapprove of.
Which sequence correctly represents Rollie and Duck's (2006) relationship dissolution model?
A. Dyadic → social → intrapsychic → resurrection → grave-dressing
B. Intrapsychic → dyadic → social → grave-dressing → resurrection
C. Social → intrapsychic → dyadic → resurrection → grave-dressing
D. Intrapsychic → social → grave-dressing → dyadic → resurrection
B. Intrapsychic → dyadic → social → grave-dressing → resurrection
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining other people's behaviour.
How could confirmation bias contribute to cultural prejudice?
A person may selectively notice information that confirms an existing stereotype while ignoring contradictory examples.
What is the only letter that does not appear in the name of any Australian state or territory?
F
What was the first feature-length animated film released by Disney?
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
According to Cialdini et al. (2006), why can descriptive norms sometimes produce undesirable behaviour?
People may interpret information about what others commonly do as an indication of appropriate behaviour, even when the behaviour is undesirable.
What is social influence in the context of bystander intervention?
Bystanders use the behaviour of others as information about how to interpret and respond to an ambiguous situation.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek, interpret or remember information in ways that support existing beliefs or expectations.
What are the four elements that contribute to a sense of community in the learning intentions?
Membership, influence, integration and fulfilment of needs, and shared emotional connection.
Explain how social categorisation can contribute to prejudice.
Categorising people into in-groups and out-groups can emphasise perceived differences and encourage in-group favouritism.
What is the longest river in Australia?
The Murray River