1
What were the years of World War 1?
1914-1918
What were American soldiers named in WW1? Why were they significant in the war effort?
Doughboys - fresh troops when everyone else was exhausted, beaten down from trench warfare, discouraged
Who was President at the time of WWI?
Woodrow Wilson
Who was a corporal in the German army complaining about signing of the armistice and treaty of Versailles?
Adolf Hitler
What was the Treaty of Versailles
drawn up by Allies for the Germans. Germans were blamed for war, disarm, gave away German lands, demanded Germany pay $33 billion in reparations - caused bitterness that would show up 20 yrs later
What did the wrapping up of Eastern Front cause?
Focused energies of Central Powers to the western front. Pushing for Paris.
What was the League of Nations
an international organization that aimed to promote international cooperation and achieve peace and security after World War I - part of Wilson's 14 points program
Who were 2 of the most famous Generals the Americans fought under?
General John J. Pershing and General Douglas MacArthur
What were the major battlefields of 1918?
Second battle of the Somme and the Second Battle of the Marne - 42 miles from Paris - blown up villages - fought tanks. Where Germans pushed too far and fast and felt vulnerable and surrounded and lost nerve and exhausted
What was November 11, 1918?
Armistice day - Ferdinand Foch and German delegates signed a peace treaty.
What was the name of the Russian Tsar who was out of touch with his peasants?
Nicolas II
What were the Fourteen Points? Who wrote them?
Woodrow Wilson outlined 14 points for a peace settlement. They were printed, distributed, dropped by planes over enemy territory - appealed to people to consider "self determination", independence and freedom.
There were divisions/uprising in Ottoman empire and Islamic world. It was named the "sick man of Europe". Sharif Hussein bin Ali, declared himself "king of the Arabs" in 1916 and started a revolt against Ottomans. Allies saw they could use this to their advantage to help weaken Ottomans which were in alliance with Germany.
What is the Suez Canal and why was it important?
Man made waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea - connecting British to India - it's largest colony
Who was Captain T. E. Lawrence?
Nicknamed Lawrence of Arabia - British captain - dressed like Arab - road camels. Helped Arabs secure the port city of Aqaba on the Red Sea. Fought battles in the Holy Land and wrote about them romanticizing them
Name 2 reasons the British were interested in the Middle East?
Suez canal (economic competition) and Oil in middle east - to keep their warships running.
What did Vladimir Lenin do?
Explain the Zimmermann Note in detail.
Arthur Zimmermann, the German foreign minister sent a telegram to German minister in Mexico. Promising Mexico land in the US if they joined Central Powers. US intercepted and were prompted to join war.
Describe the Third Battle of Ypres/Battle of Passchendaele/ "Battle of the Mud"
July 1917 - under command of Sir Douglas Haig - long drawn out battle - heavy rains - nearly drowned both sides of western front. Allies won but little to show and 250,000-400,000 lost on both sides.
Who was Nivelle replaced with?
Ferdinand Foch - head of Allied forces
In 1917, what condition was Russia in, and what was their involvement in the war at that time?
weak economically, the soldiers were not wanting to be in the war, tsar and aristocracy was out of touch with peasants.
What was the revolution against the provisional government of Russia called and who led it?
Bolshevik revolution, Vladimir Lenin
What 2 things were the catalyst for US getting into WW1?
Zimmermann note and submarine warfare from Germany
Who was Sir William Arthur Currie? What was his key role in the war?
a former teacher, real estate agent, stickler for hard work. Insisted his troops memorize maps and rehearse battle strategies numerous times. The Canadians took a high ridge out of Germany's possession in April - Battle of Vimy Ridge. Lost 3,500 Canadians
Who was the weak commander in chief of the French army?
Robert Nivelle