Wales
These defensive buildings helped the Marcher Lords protect the border between England and Wales.
Castles
Scottish kings sat on this ancient stone when they were crowned. Edward I took it to England in 1296.
The Stone of Destiny.
Why was England unable to conquer Ireland during the Middle Ages?
The Irish always rebelled by attacking English castles.
Despite its name, the Hundred Years War lasted this many years.
116
What were the Lancasters and Yorks fighting over and how many years long was the war?
Who should get the throne.
They fought for 30 years.
This name was given to the border region between England and Wales.
the Welsh Marches
Scotland formed the Auld Alliance with this country, which was England’s enemy.
France
Why did English kings never really have full control over Ireland?
1. It was too far away (hard to oversee)
2. The Irish often attacked the English settlements in Ireland.
What colour was the York family rose? What colour was the Lancaster family rose?
York = White
Lancaster = Red
The title given the the barons in charge of guarding the border between Wales and Enlgland
Marcher Lords
This nickname described Edward I because of his fierce attacks on Scotland.
“Hammer of the Scots”?
Two reasons why England (William the Conqueror) was not interested in also conquering Ireland.
1. The Irish Sea was rough and difficult to cross.
2. Ireland wasn't particularly rich.
This teenage French girl helped lead the fight against the English.
Joan of Arc
How did Richard, Duke of York die?
Margaret of Anjou got an army together and killed him.
Henry III recognised this Welsh leader as Prince of Wales in 1267.
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
This mythical creature is Scotland’s national animal.
This musical instrument is Ireland’s national symbol.
This French port was the only area still held by England at the end of the war in 1453.
Calais
Who governed England from 1453 until 1454 when Henry was experiencing a period of poor mental health? What was the title given to him?
Richard, Duke of York
"Protector"
This nickname describes Edward I’s network of strong stone castles built to control North Wales
the Ring of Iron
a. The one that was thrown on prison
b. The one that was dragged in the street and then Hanged, Drawn and Quartered
c. The one who defeats the larger English army at the Battle of Bannockburn
a. John Balliol
b. William Wallace
c. Robert the Bruce.
By the end of the Middle Ages, English control had shrunk to this small area around Dublin.
The Pale
Name all four causes:
1. France threatened two (2) valuable English trades
2. Edward III wanted a crown
3. France supported England’s northern enemy.
1. Threats to the wine trade, threats to the wool trade 2. Edward III’s blood line claim to the French throne
3. French support for Scotland by signing the Auld Alliance
Who did Henry VII marry, uniting the York and Lancastrian families? Why did it put the fighting to rest?
Any future monarch born would be both Lancaster and York (by blood).