States of Matter
True or false
Matter is anything that has mass and volume (takes up space)
True
Define a pure substance
Teacher to check
•Are made of only one type of atom or molecule.
•A type of matter which exists in its most purest form and cannot be broken down further.
• Examples: Water, oxygen, platinum, gold, silver.
•An element is a pure substance as it cannot be broken down or transformed into a new substance even by using some physical or chemical means.
Define force
A force is a push, pull or twist that can change an objects motion
True or false
Weight is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in kg or g.
False
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in kg or g.
Explain magnetic separation
Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract magnetic substances. The process that is used for magnetic separation separates non-magnetic substances from those which are magnetic
What are the 3 states of matter
Solid, Liquid, gas
Explain what a suspension is in a mixture
A suspension is a substance that will not dissolves in another, and which will
separate out if left to stand.
eg Grease will not dissolve in water but will dissolve in the fluids used by drycleaners
•Water will dissolve detergent, but not oil
True or false
Unbalanced forces are equal forces that are applied in opposite directions that cause no change in movement.
False
Balanced forces are equal forces that are applied in opposite directions that cause no change in movement.
Define weight
Bonus point: what is it measured in?
Weight is the pulling force of gravity acting upon a mass.
Weight is measured in Newtons.
Draw filtration experiment and label the experiment
Teacher to mark
•Filtration is the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid, by causing the latter to pass through the pores of some substance, called a filter. The liquid which has passed through the filter is called the filtrate.
Draw a diagram of liquid (in the states of matter) to show it's matter?
Teacher to check
State the difference between a soluble and insoluble substance
•Soluble: the ability to dissolve into another substance.
•E.g. salt in water.
•Insoluble: solute that does not dissolve in a solvent. When it is put in the solvent, it stays as a solid.
E.g.: sand in water; flour in water
Give an example of an unbalanced force
Teacher to check
Forces are unbalanced when something:
•Starts moving
•Speeds up
•Slows down
•Stops
•Changes direction
Define Friction
•Friction is a contact force that acts in the opposite direction to motion.
•Friction is the resistance of motion when one object rubs against another. Anytime two objects rub against each other, they cause friction.
True or false
Crystallisation is actually a way of separating out a mixture of chemicals, which are in gas or liquid form, by letting them creep slowly past another substance, which is typically a liquid or solid.
False
Chromatography is actually a way of separating out a mixture of chemicals, which are in gas or liquid form, by letting them creep slowly past another substance, which is typically a liquid or solid.
Explain how solids change states to liquids?
Bonus point give an example
Melt
eg Ice block melting
Define mixture
Bonus: provide an example
•A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances that aren't chemically joined.
•For example, water and salt are separate substances that once mixed, create a mixture - seawater.
•Mixtures can be easily separated and the substances in the mixture keep their original properties.
Give an example of how a technological development has minimised the impact of the force of inertia
examples
- crumple zones on cars
- foam, rubber used in shoes
- MIPS helmets
Explain the difference between weight and mass.
Mass is the amount of matter (stuff) in an object. The mass of an object always remains the same. That means your mass on Earth is the same as your mass on the Moon or space.
Weight is the pulling force of gravity acting upon a mass.
Your weight depends on your mass, but also the force of gravity. Different planets have different strengths of gravity, therefore, your weight is different on differing planets. On Earth, gravity is about 10 m/s2, and therefore you would need a force greater than 10 newtons to lift a 1-kilogram mass.
True or false
Distillation is the process of separating the components of a liquid mixture through selective evaporation and condensation.
True
What is density
•Density is a physical property that measures how closely packed together a substance's particles are.
Extra information:
•It explains why some objects float while others sink.
•The density of any material can be determined by dividing the material's mass by its volume.
Give a definition of the following terms:
a) solute
b) solvent
c) solution
Bonus: give an example of all three
a) A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a fluid to make a solution. Examples of solute: Almost all metallic salts, Sugar, Edible Salt
b) A solvent is used to dissolve a solute. It is usually a liquid. eg most common solvent is water.
c) A solution is an even mixture of solutes, dissolved in a solvent. A solution is a mixture of two or more components that have a uniform appearance and composition. Eg: Seawater, Vinegar, Carbonated Drinks, Air
Bonus: Teacher to check
Define Inertia
Inertia is one of the three Newton’s laws. It states that “an object will not change its motion unless a net force acts upon it”.
•If the object is at rest, it will stay at rest
•If it is in motion, the object will remain in motion at the same speed
Inertia is the tendency for an object to resist a change in motion. In other words.
•If an object is stationary it wants to remain stationary.
•If the object is in motion, it wants to remain in motion.
Draw an example of an unbalanced force?
teacher to check
List 2 ways to separate soluble mixtures and 2 ways to separate insoluble mixtures?
separating soluble substances: Chromatography, Evaporation, Crystallisation, Distillation
separating insoluble substances: Magnetic Separation, Decantation, Sieving, Filtration, Centrifuging