Metabolic Pathways A
____________is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism.
Glycolysis
Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
lactic acid fermentation
An __________ is an organism that can produce its own food.
autotroph
___________ are organisms incapable of photosynthesis that must therefore obtain energy and carbon from food by consuming other organisms.
Heterotrophs
Photosynthesis is a multi-step process that requires
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
Glycolysis takes place in the________ of most prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells.
cytoplasm
Mario is an olympic swimmer and during a long distance event his leg and arm muscles begin to burn due to lactic acid build up from the limited supply of oxygen that is getting to his muscle cells as the race progresses and he begins to fatigue. What process is happening to cause this build up and what are the other products of this reaction?
Responses
Lactic acid fermentation is taking place and the other product is NAD+
Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration. This reaction creates energy for the cell in the absence of oxygen. What are the other products of alcoholic fermentation?
responses
Ethanol, Carbon dioxide, and NAD+
The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase generates ________ during fermentation.
alcohol
all forms of fermentation, except _____________, produce gas.
lactic acid fermentation
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in ________.
the inner membrane of mitochondria
The majority of the ATP produced by cellular respiration comes from ________.
the electron transport chain
The final net products of ________ are 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH.
glycolysis
The direct products from the citric acid cycle are ________.
temporary electron storage compounds
The fermentation method used by animals and certain bacteria, like those in yogurt, is_____________.
lactic acid fermentation
__________ in eukaryotic cells takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
the citric acid cycle
This flow of hydrogen ions across the membrane through ATP synthase is called
chemiosmosis.
The citric acid cycle is a collection of reactions that take place in a loop. This cycle begins with acetyl CoA and through a series of different reactions it releases molecules to be sent to the next step in cellular respiration. What two molecules are released by the citric acid cycle to be used in the final steps of cellular respiration?
Responses
NADH and FADH2
The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation must both take place for cellular respiration to produce the correct amount of energy for the cell. Which of the following is TRUE regarding these processes?
Responses
The citric acid cycle produces NADH and FADH2, which both go on to fuel the electron transport chain which produces the majority of the ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
In eukaryotic cells oxidative phosphorylation is responsible for making the majority of the ATP a cell produces during cellular respiration. Where does this process take place?
Responses
In the inner mitochondrial membrane
Glycolysis begins with the six-carbon, ring-shaped structure of a single glucose molecule and ends with two molecules of a three-carbon sugar called_________.
pyruvate.
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and is a complex process. Which of the following is NOT true about glycolysis?
Responses
Glycolysis is energy independent and does not require any energy to take place.
In mitochondria, pyruvate will be transformed into a two-carbon acetyl group (by removing a molecule of carbon dioxide) that will be picked up by a carrier compound called?
coenzyme
There are four complexes composed of proteins, and the aggregation of these four complexes, together with associated mobile, accessory electron carriers, is called
the electron transport chain
_____________is a series of chemical reactions that removes high-energy electrons and uses them in the electron transport chain to generate ATP. One molecule of ATP (or an equivalent) is produced per each turn of the cycle.
The citric acid cycle