Yale Bowles Modern Biology (Part I)

A

100

  Macromolecules are inactivated using enzymes such as ________ that break down proteins, and __________ that break down RNA.

proteases, ribonucleases

200

 The fragments in the gel are then transferred onto a nylon membrane in a procedure called _______.

blotting

300

researchers learned how to reproduce desired regions or fragments of the genome, a process that is referred to as _________.

molecular cloning

400

An important feature of plasmid vectors is the ease with which a foreign DNA fragment can be introduced via the _________.

multiple cloning site

500

 is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism.

Reproductive cloning

B

100

 is a technique used to separate molecules on the basis of size, using this charge.

Gel electrophoresis

200

When DNA is transferred to a nylon membrane, the technique is called _________.

Southern blotting

300

 is a small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA of microorganisms such as E. coli.

 A plasmid (also called a vector)

400

 ________________ recognize specific DNA sequences and cut them in a predictable manner; they are naturally produced by bacteria as a defense mechanism against foreign DNA.

 Restriction endonucleases

500

 occurs when an embryo grows and develops without the fertilization of the egg occurring

Parthenogenesis, or “virgin birth”

C

100

 is a technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA for further analysis.

Polymerase chain reaction

200

RNA is transferred to a nylon membrane, it is called _____________.

northern blotting

300

the fragment of DNA from the human genome is referred to as_________.

 foreign DNA

400

Plasmids with foreign DNA inserted into them are called?

recombinant DNA

500

Scientists have been able to isolate diploid cells from a species of dinosaur and would like to attempt to clone this dinosaur. What type of cloning method would they need to use to do this and how would they create a viable zygote?

Responses

• They would need to use molecular cloning and would create a zygote by inserting the DNA obtained from the dinosaur cell into a plasmid and allowing it to replicate.
• They would use cellular cloning and would create a zygote by taking the cell obtained from the dinosaur and replicating it via asexual reproduction.
• They would use reproductive cloning and would create a zygote by taking the diploid cell of the dinosaur and inserting it into an enucleated egg cell to create a zygote.
• They would use reproductive cloning and create a zygote by combining female and male gametes from the species to create the clone.

They would use reproductive cloning and would create a zygote by taking the diploid cell of the dinosaur and inserting it into an enucleated egg cell to create a zygote.

D

100

DNA fragments can also be amplified from an RNA template in a process called reverse__________

transcriptase PCR

200

Eliza is a geneticist studying a new degenerative disease and has been able to isolate the genes responsible for this disease to a specific region on one of the chromosomes in the human genome. Which of the following techniques would allow her to take thousands of copies of this specific region of DNA in order to further study and analyze it?

Responses

• Cellular cloning
• PCR
• Blotting
• Gel Electrophoresis

PCR

300

Plasmids occur naturally in bacterial populations and have genes that can contribute favorable traits to the organism, such as __________.

antibiotic resistance

400

replicate asexually by binary fission; this is known as?

cellular cloning

500

is the alteration of an organism’s genotype using recombinant DNA technology to modify an organism’s DNA to achieve desirable traits.

Genetic engineering

E

100

DNA fragments called _______ are designed and labeled with radioactive or fluorescent dyes to aid detection.

probes

200

Question

Fred Sanger is responsible for creating the Dideoxy Chain Termination Method for sequencing DNA. Which of the following is the first step in that method?

Responses

• The DNA is denatured into single strands
• Each of the 4 dideoxynucleotides is placed into 4 different test tubes
• A laser scans the DNA sequence to determine the order of nucleotides
• Each dideoxynucleotide copies the DNA strand and stops each time it arrives at a particular base. This creates fragments of the DNA strand.

The DNA is denatured into single strands

300

Plasmids have been repurposed and engineered as vectors for molecular cloning and the large-scale production of important reagents, such as

insulin and human growth hormone.

400

 is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism.

Reproductive cloning

500

The organism that receives the recombinant DNA are called ? 

GMOs