Memory
What is memory?
The ability to store and retrieve information over time.
What is semantic encoding?
Relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge already stored in memory. It operates in the lower left part of the frontal lobe and inner part of the left temporal lobe.
Organizational encoding
Categorizing information according to the relationships among a series of items. It activates the upper surface of the left frontal lobe.
Sensory storage?
Holds sensory information for a few seconds or less.
Serial position effect?
The first few items and last few items in a series are more likely to be recalled than the items in the middle.
What is encoding?
The process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory.
What is semantic judgements?
The meaning of the word.
Visual imagery encoding is effective as it…
→ Relates incoming knowledge to knowledge already stored in memory.
→ Helps a memory to have two mental placeholders; visual and verbal which are more ways to remember something.
Iconic memory?
Fast decaying store of visual information; it decays in 1 second or less.
Primacy effect?
Enhanced recall of the first few items.
How are memories made?
Memories are made by combining information we already have with new information from our senses.
What is rhyme judgments?
The sound of the word.
Survival encoding?
This includes semantic, visual imagery, and organizational encoding.
→ It encourages extensive planning to benefit memory.
→ The memory system has evolved to allow us to remember information relevant to our survival.
Echoic memory?
Fast decaying store of auditory information (an echo in the mind's ear); decays in about 5 seconds.
Recency effect?
Enhanced recall of last items.
What are the the three types of encoding processes?
(1) Semantic encoding, (2) visual imagery encoding, (3) organizational encoding.
What is case judgements?
The appearance of the word.
Storage?
Maintaining information in memory over time.
Short term memory?
Holds non sensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute; e.g. a phone number (about 15-20 seconds at a time).
Short term memory is limited by how long information is held and how much is held.
about 7 meaningful items at once.
What is mnemonics?
Encoding strategies that improve subsequent retrieval.
What is visual imagery encoding?
Storing new information by converting it into mental pictures. It activates the processing regions in the occipital lobe.
The three types of memory storage?
(1) Sensory, (2) short term, (3) long term.
Rehearsal?
The process of keeping information in short term memory by mentally repeating it.
Chunking?
Combining small pieces of information into large clusters or chunks to make information easier to store.