Water essentials
The bond that holds one oxygen from one water molecule together with a hydrogen from another water molecule
hydrogen bond
The building block of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Covalent bonds connecting amino acids together is known as
a peptide bond
Building blocks of DNA
nucleic acids
Process that requires water in order to break up the bond of two monomers.
Hydrolysis
Name 3 properties of water that are essential for organism survival
Surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, etc.
What process binds two carbohydrate monomers together?
dehydration synthesis
The 3 main components of an amino acid
Carboxyl group, amino group and R group
3 components to DNA
phosphate group, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar
Main function of carbohydrates
In the hot sun, kangaroos lick their forearms until their fur is soaking wet. What is this an example of?
Evaporative cooling
True or false: Unsaturated lipids are liquid at room temperature.
False
What determines the chemical nature of every amino acid?
R group
Two differences between RNA and DNA
RNA has uracil and not thymine
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar
DNA is typically double stranded and RNA is single stranded
This provides long term energy storage for animals.
glycogen
What has a greater density? Ice or liquid water? Explain.
Water because ice's molecules are farther spread apart than liquid water molecules.
Name 3 differences between unsaturated fats and saturated fats.
density, whether it has the double carbon bond, liquid/solid at room temperature, flexibility
Describe what goes on in the secondary structure vs. the tertiary structure
Secondary structure: folding of amino acid chain to form alpha helix or beta pleated sheet (results from hydrogen bonding of nearby amino acids)
Tertiary structure: the overall 3-dimensional structure of the protein which results from a variety of interactions between R groups specific to each amino acid- bonds through ionic bonds, make disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonding
During DNA and RNA synthesis, nucleotides are added to the _____ end of the growing strand
3'
What are the parts to a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule
Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Capillary action pulls the water molecules like a chain
Starch is a type of carbohydrate that functions as an energy storage compound. Is starch polymer linear or branched?
A new drug is developed which selectively cleaves covalent bonds between two sulfur atoms of non-adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Which level of protein structure in affected molecules would be most directly affected by the drug?
tertiary structure
False
This enzyme is produced by cancer cells that allows their cells to keep dividing
telomerase