CATEGORY 1: Hemoglobin Function & Oxygen Transport
These are the forward AND reverse reactions of hemoglobin equilibrium
what is
FORWARD: hemoglobin binding to oxygen (forming oxyhemoglobin)
REVERSE: oxygen detaching from hemoglobin (reverting to separate hemoglobin and O2 molecules)
This term describes a chemical reaction where forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
This form of energy is associated with motion and particle movement.
What is kinetic energy?
What is an ACIDIC/LOW pH substance?
These two systems are the reasons we are able to breathe.
If a REACTANT is added to a reaction at equilibrium, equilibrium will shift in this direction?
what is shifting to the PRODUCTS SIDE?
(eq. shifts AWAY from what's ADDED)
Removing (or taking) product causes equilibrium to shift in this direction.
What is products side?
(eq. shifts TOWARDS what's TAKEN)
If heat is added to a system, equilibrium shifts toward this type of reaction.
Muscles produce this gas, and it is also the gas that we exhale.
What is Carbon Dioxide?
Healthy blood has a pH at this level.
What is neutral to alkaline (~7.3-7.5)?
If a runner's breaths per minute increases with exercise, the hemoglobin equilibrium shifts towards this side in the MUSCLES.
what is the REACTANTS SIDE?
(muscles TAKE oxygen (a reactant) from oxyhemoglobin, and eq. shifts TOWARDS what's taken.)
This Theory states that molecules are constantly in MOTION and interacting with each other, even though a system may look like it is not changing.
What is Kinetic Molecular Theory? (KMT)
(even though a system is in equilibrium, there is a constant movement of the forward/reverse reactions happening on a molecular scale)
This principle claims that: if a STRESS is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift in the direction to counteract the change and get back to equilibrium.
What is Le Chatelier's principle/Equilibrium Shift principle?
If the temperature of a system decreases the equilibrium will shift in this direction.
What is the direction of the exothermic reaction?
If the temperature of the system increases the equilibrium will shift in the direction of this reaction.
What is endothermic?
This specific part of the lungs is where gas exchange occurs, and oxygen can enter the bloodstream.
What are the alveoli?
True or False: At equilibrium, reactions stop completely.
What is FALSE?
pH stands for this.
What is potential of Hydrogen?
These kinds of reactions demonstrate that equilibrium can shift but still be re-established.
What are REVERSIBLE reactions?
Even when a reaction looks unchanged, KMT explains that particles are still doing this.