dean
This companion was the first person to lead the Muslims in prayer after the Prophet ﷺ became too ill to do so himself
Abu Bakr (RA)
This fundamental particle is the force carrier of the strong nuclear force, which binds quarks together inside protons and neutrons
gluon
This treaty, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty Years’ War and is often credited with establishing the modern concept of state sovereignty in Europe
Peace of Westphalia
I am always moving but never leave my place. I can be heard but never seen. I can be broken without being touched. What am I
A promise
The Prophet ﷺ said that this companion would enter Paradise while the sound of his footsteps was heard ahead of him
Bilal ibn Rabah (RA)
This phenomenon explains why clocks near massive objects run slower and why light bends around galaxies and stars
gravitational time dilation caused by Einstein’s General Relativity
This 6th-century battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire is considered one of the final major conflicts of antiquity and helped weaken both empires before the rise of early Islamic conquests
Battle of Nineveh (627 CE)
I am created in a moment but can last a lifetime. I cannot be seen, but people can feel me. I can be given, broken, kept, or lost. What am I
Trust
This companion was entrusted by the Prophet ﷺ with the names of the hypocrites in Madinah, a list that was not revealed to anyone else
Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman (RA)
This structure inside plant cells contains chlorophyll and is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis
chloroplast
This 843 CE agreement divided the Carolingian Empire among the three grandsons of Charlemagne and is often considered an early step toward the formation of modern France and Germany
Treaty of Verdun
I exist only when there is a difference between two things. I cannot be seen, but I can be measured. I can move through wires, travel through space, and power the world. What am I
electricity
This companion received the Prophet’s ﷺ sword, Dhul-Fiqar, during the Battle of Uhud after several companions had been unable to fulfill its conditions
Abu Dujanah (RA)
This principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Pauli Exclusion Principle
This Byzantine emperor ordered the compilation of the Corpus Juris Civilis, a massive collection of Roman laws that later influenced many modern legal systems
Justinian I
I am lighter than a feather, but even the strongest person cannot hold me for much longer than a few minutes. What am I
breath
During the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab, this companion led the Muslim army to victory at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, opening the way for the conquest of the Sasanian Persian Empire
Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas
سعد بن أبي وقا
This theorem in quantum mechanics states that a system’s total angular momentum can only have certain discrete values, and it explains why electrons occupy specific orbitals with quantized energy states
quantization of angular momentum
This ancient agreement between the Hittite Empire and Egypt, signed after the Battle of Kadesh around 1259 BCE, is often considered one of the earliest known surviving peace treaties in history
Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty (Treaty of Kadesh)
I am born from silence, but I can create storms. I have no weight, but I can crush mountains. I cannot be held, but I can be shared. The more people believe in me, the stronger I become. What am I
Idea