Physiology
The term that describes the volume of air in the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange
What is physiologic dead space?
Which bony landmark is commonly used to identify the level of the L4 vertebra?
What is the iliac crest?
Which pressure injury stage involves intact skin with non-blanchable redness?
What is a Stage 1 pressure injury?
Which major metabolic value found on a BMP is related to diabetes? What is the normal range?
What is blood glucose and fasting 70-99mg/dL?
List at least three characteristic gait features commonly seen in individuals with Parkinson's disease?
What are shuffling gait, decreased arm swing, and reduced step length (festinating gait), difficulty initiating gait, decreased gait speed, forward-flexed posture, and narrow BOS?
Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine. This structure is the major exception, using acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors instead.
What are sweat glands?
The median n. travels through which anatomical tunnel at the wrist?
What is the carpal tunnel?
A patient presents with Raynaud's phenomenon. Which superficial modality is contraindicated for this patient?
What is cold therapy?
You're about to do gait training with your pt but their chart says their hemoglobin is 6g/dL. Do you continue as normal, modify, or pause therapy?
what is pause therapy?
less than 8 = no gait; less than 7 = see you in heaven.
Where does the DCML tract decussate, and what typoes of sensory information does it transmit?
What is decussation in the medulla, and light touch, vibration, and proprioception?
This acid-base disorder is associated with elevated respirations.
Bonus: What are the two biochemical markers of acid-base disorders and their normal range?
What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip extension during the terminal stance of gait, and what is its innervation?
What is the gluteus maximus and INFERIOR gluteal n.
A patient requires a transfer from bed to chair but is unable to bear weight through either lower extremity. What is the most appropriate transfer method?
What is a Hoyer lift or dependent transfer?
A pt with weight gain, moon face, and muscle weakness. Their lab findings show excess secretion of cortisol which endocrine disorder does this pt likely have?
What is Cushing's Disease?
A patient demonstrates a positive dysdiadochokinesia test in the left upper and lower extremities. Based on neuroanatomy, which side of the brain is most likely damaged?
What is the left cerebellar hemisphere?
A patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 140 mL and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 60 mL. If the patient's heart rate is 75 BPM, what is the patient's cardiac output in Liters?
What is 6.0 L/min?
A patient presents with weakness in shoulder ABduction beyond the first 15 degrees and numbness over the lateral shoulder after a surgical neck fracture of the humerus. Which nerve is most likely injured?
What is the axillary n?
A patient with chronic back pain requires pain relief over a large surface area. You select a medium-frequency alternating current that penetrates deeper tissue with less skin resistance. Which current is most appropriate?
What is interferential current (IFC)?
Following an episode of strenuous exercise, a patient presents with muscle pain, weakness, and dark-colored urine. Lab testing reveals elevated CPK levels. What is the likely condition?
What is Rhabdomyolysis?
List the primary myotomes for the upper and lower extremity?
What is ...
Pulmonary function testing in a patient shows a markedly reduced FEV, with a relatively preserved forced vital capacity (FVC). What type of pulmonary disease does this pattern indicate, and what would you expect the FEV1/FVC ratio to be (increased or decreased)?
What is an obstructive lung disease with a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio?
Following a MVA, a pt demonstrates loss of shoulder ABduction, elbow extension, and wrist extension, along with sensory loss over the posterior arm, forearm, and lateral shoulder. Which cord of the brachial plexus is likely injured?
What is the posterior cord?
(axillary and radial n)
A patient with a chronic wound demonstrates stalled healing. Electrical stimulation is initiated to promote granulation tissue formation. Which electrode polarity should be placed in the wound bed?
What is the negative electrode (cathode)?
A pt w/ osteoporosis is prescribed a medication that decreases bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Which classification of meds is this, and what are the key administration considerations that a PT should remember?
What are bisphosphonates, and the pt must remain upright for at least 30 minutes?
A patient demonstrates deep tendon reflexes graded 3+ throughout the involved extremity. This finding is most consistent with damage to which type of motor neuron?
What is an upper motor neuron lesion?