World War II
What year did World War II begin?
1939
Who were the two superpowers at the centre of the Cold War?
USA and USSR.
What is environmental change?
A change to an environment over time.
What is human wellbeing?
The quality of life experienced by individuals and communities.
Which Cold War ideology was associated with the USSR?
Communism
Name the two main military alliances in WWII.
Axis Powers and Allies
What was the main ideological difference between the USA and USSR?
Capitalism and democracy vs communism and one-party rule
Name two causes of environmental change.
Climate change; urbanisation; pollution; agriculture; deforestation; mining etc.
What does HDI stand for?
Human Development Index.
What geographical tool could be used to show differences in HDI between countries?
A choropleth map.
What event caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany?
Germany invaded Poland in September 1939
What does the term proxy war mean?
A conflict where larger powers support opposing sides rather than directly fighting each other.
What is meant by sustainability?
Using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
What three dimensions does HDI measure?
Health, education and standard of living.
Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis considered the most dangerous moment of the Cold War?
The USA and USSR came extremely close to direct nuclear conflict.
What was the name of Germany's plan to invade the Soviet Union?
Operation Barbarossa
Name two proxy wars associated with the Cold War.
Korean War; Vietnam War; Soviet-Afghan War etc.
What is the difference between natural and human-induced environmental change?
Natural change occurs through natural processes; human-induced change results from human activities.
What is life expectancy?
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
A country has a high GDP but poor life expectancy. What does this demonstrate?
Economic wealth does not necessarily mean high human wellbeing.
Explain two reasons why Germany was initially successful in WWII.
Blitzkrieg (lightning war); weak opposition; surprise attacks; military technology/tactics; weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles settlement
Explain why the Vietnam War can be described as a Cold War proxy war.
The USA supported South Vietnam to contain communism, while the USSR and China supported communist North Vietnam. The conflict reflected the wider struggle between capitalism and communism.
Explain why managing an environment can involve conflicting perspectives.
Different groups may have different priorities. For example, governments may prioritise economic development while environmental groups prioritise conservation and local communities may prioritise employment.
What is a spatial variation in wellbeing?
A difference in levels of wellbeing between different places or areas.
Give one environmental issue and explain: the cause, environmental impact, and management strategy.
e.g. Coastal erosion = loss of beaches/property = seawalls, dune restoration or beach nourishment.