Layers of the Earth
The thin outer layer of the Earth that humans live on.
The crust.
Large pieces of the Earth's crust that move slowly over the mantle.
Tectonic plates
Shaking of the ground caused by movement in the Earth’s crust.
Earthquake
Darwin’s main mechanism for evolution, involving different survival and reproduction rates.
Natural Selection
This term describes the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms found in rocks.
Fossil
The thick layer beneath the crust made mainly of solid rock that can flow slowly.
Mantle
The type of plate boundary where plates move toward each other and collide.
A mountain that forms when magma erupts through the Earth's surface.
Volcano
This scientist believed that traits acquired during an organism's life could be passed on to offspring.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Fossils are most often found in this type of rock formed from compressed sediments.
Sedimentary rock
This layer is made of liquid metals and surrounds the inner core.
The outer core.
The process that causes tectonic plates to move.
The instrument used to detect and measure earthquake vibrations.
Seismograph
This scientist wrote “On the Origin of Species” in 1859.
Charles Darwin
Vestigial structures are body parts that have lost their original function but still exist, like this small bone found in humans.
Tailbone (coccyx)
The hottest, deepest layer of the Earth that is solid due to high pressure.
Inner core
When two tectonic plates slide past each other, this type of boundary is formed.
Transform boundary
The point underground where an earthquake starts.
Focus
How do species acquire / change traits according to Lamarck?
Use and disuse
By comparing the DNA sequences of different species, scientists find evidence for this.
genetic similarity
The boundary between the crust and the mantle is known by this name.
What is the Moho (Mohorovičić discontinuity)?
This famous fault line in California is an example of a transform boundary.
San Andreas Fault
A chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate; famous example is in the Pacific Ocean.
Ring of Fire
The famous animal Darwin studied in the Galápagos Islands, providing evidence for his theory.
Finches
The fossil record shows a gradual change in species over time, this type of fossil document helps track evolutionary history.
transitional fossils