Circuits
Give the three things required to form an electrical circuit
Power supply (battery), wires and a component
Give the 3 subatomic particles and their charges
Proton (positive) Electron (negative) Neutron (neutral)
What ion do non-metals form?
Negative
Define homozygous
having two of the same allele
Name two substances that are entirely made of carbon atoms
Coal, soot, diamonds, graphite, graphene and carbon fibre
What do switches and fuses have in common with one another?
They both can break circuits and stop the flow of current
Explain why an atom is neutral
It has the same amount of negative electrons as positive protons, therefore cancelling each other out.
Explain why atoms form ions?
To fill their valence shells.
Explain why two dominant pure breeding parents will be unable to have off spring with a recessive phenotype
The parents are only able to pass on the dominant gene - the recessive phenotype would need 2 of the same recessive allele to be expressed
Name the only metal which is a liquid at room temperature.
156 years old (~160)
A circuit contains 3 bulbs, one bulb (Bulb 1) breaks, causing a second bulb (Bulb 2) to switch off, but one (Bulb 3) stays on. How can this be possible?
Bulb 2 is connected in series with Bulb 1, but Bulb 3 is in parallel
Describe and explain why metal atoms form positive ions
As they have less than half their outer shells full, it is easier (more energy efficient) to lose electrons. They therefore form ions with more positive protons than negative electrons.
What is the formula for the following substance: Magnesium Nitrate? (Magnesium Group 2 and Nitrate NO3-)
Mg(NO3)2
Give the percentage of offspring with the dominant phenotype between a cross of a heterozygous and homozygous recessive parent
50%
True or False: Laser is an acronym
True: LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
They sit on a single wire and therefore do not create a potential difference (no voltage difference) - it can also be said they do not form a closed circuit so are unaffected.
Explain how the periodic table is organised? (what do the columns and rows tell us?)
Rows - Periods - number of electron shells
Balance this equation: Ca(OH)2 + HCl --> CaCl2 + H2O
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + 2H2O
Explain why, without genetic testing, it is impossible to determine the genotype of an individual presenting a dominant phenotype
As only one dominant allele is needed to be expressed, it is not possible to determine if they are homozygous domiannt or heterozygous
To the nearest 10 years, how old is the modern Periodic Table?
156 Years old (~160)
Explain why and how a lightbulb is able to turn on immediately after a switch is closed?
The electrons are already present along the wire and in the component, energy is simply being transferred (at the speed of light).
Suggest why diatomic molecules exist and give 3 elements which are present as diatomic molecules
Some elements are most stable as pairs of atoms. Examples: Cl2, F2, Br2, O2, N2, I2 and H2
Why does a hydroxide ion (OH-) have a negative charge?
Oxygen forms a 2- charge while hydrogen forms a 1+ charge. This leaves a negative charge after Oxygen and Hydrogen have bonded
True or False and explain: All alleles present in the human species are due to mutations.
True: Alleles present are as a result of advantageous mutations which have been passed down over centuries
Name the process where a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas.
Sublimation