The Participant as an Individual
Training and Diet
Health and Fitness
Respiratory, Skeletal and Circulatory Systems
Fatigue, Stress and Injury
100
Define flexibility
The range of movement around a joint
100
Overload can be achieved by following the FIT principles. Name the 3 FIT principles.
Frequency, intensity and time.
100
What is the following statement the definition for: 'A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.'
Health
100
Which two gases are involved in gaseous exchange which takes place at the alveoli in the lungs?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
100
State 2 negative effects of fatigue on sporting performance.
Local muscular fatigue (preventing the body or part of body from continuing), concentration levels decrease, poor judgement, skill levels decrease, strength decreases.
200
State what generally happens to each of the factors as the age of the participant increases (to above 35 years old): flexibility, strength, oxygen capacity, skill levels, injury recovery time.
Flexibility, strength and oxygen capacity decrease. Skill levels and injury recovery time increase.
200
Name the five principles of training which fit into the acronym SPORT.
Specificity, progression, overload, reversibility, tedium.
200
Name 3 benefits of regular exercise.
Improved body shape, stress relief, improves sleep, reduced chance of illness, improves body tone and posture, improve stamina, strength, flexibility etc. Any other suitable answer.
200
Define anaerobic respiration.
Energy production without oxygen.
200
Name two possible feelings that a performer may experience in a stressful situation.
Excitement, tension, anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, motivation.
300
State 4 physical fitness differences between males and females which would influence sporting performance.
Body shape/size (men tend to be bigger). Males have a bigger heart and lungs and oxygen capacity. Males have lower body fat percentage. Males have greater strength and power and muscle mass. Females have greater flexibility.
300
Circuit training is often used by sports performers as it is method which provides great variety to training. Name 3 other methods of training.
Weight training, continuous training, interval training, fartlek training, altitude training.
300
Skill related fitness factors can be remembered using the acronym CRAB. What are the 4 skill related fitness factors.
Coordination, reaction time, agility, balance.
300
The skeletal system is important for providing the body with shape and supporting the muscles and vital organs. Name 2 other functions of the skeletal system.
Movement, Protection (of vital organs), blood cell production (in bone marrow).
300
State 3 ways in which sports injuries can be avoided.
Risk assessment, thorough warm up, wearing appropriate safety equipment, ensuring all rules are clear and enforced, ensuring age groups and ability levels are fair. Any other suitable answers.
400
Name the 3 body types (somatotypes) and state a physical characteristic of each.
Endomorph (pear shaped, wide hips, wide shoulders, more fat). Mesomorph (wedge shaped, broad wide shoulders, muscular arms and legs, narrow hips, little body fat). Ectomorph (long and slender, thin narrow shoulders and hips, thin arms and legs, very little muscle or fat).
400
Name the 7 components of a healthy diet.
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water.
400
Define the terms flexion and adduction.
Flexion is closing a joint or reducing the angle of a joint. Adduction is moving a limb towards the midline of the body.
400
What are the aerobic and anaerobic training thresholds (fully explain your answer)
Aerobic training threshold 60-80% Max heart rate. Anaerobic training threshold 80-90% Max heart rate. Remember maximum heart rate is calculated by 220 minus age.
400
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, ice, compression, elevation.
500
Physical disability is one category of disability in sport. Name the other 3 categories of disability.
Mental, permanent and temporary.
500
Name the key functions of carbohydrates, proteins and fibre in the diet.
Carbohydrates are the main energy source. Proteins are for growth and repair of muscles and other tissues. Fibre aids the digestive system.
500
Coaches can try to teach skills to a performer in a number of different ways. Name the 3 types of guidance.
Verbal guidance (explaining the skill), visual guidance(demonstrating the skill) and manual guidance (physically supporting the movement when practicing a skill)
500
Name the 3 types of blood vessel and state a function or characteristic for each.
Arteries (thick walls, oxygenated blood, high pressure, carry blood away from heart, elastic walls). Veins (thinner walls, deoxygenated blood, contain valves to prevent backflow), capillaries (thin walls to allow gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2).
500
What is this the definition for: 'The rapid cooling of the body when the temperature drops very quickly.'
Hypothermia
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