Cells
Health and Disease
DNA
Evolution and Genetics
Random
100
Which part of a cell releases energy from respiration?
mitochondria
100
Why are animal organs not used for transplanting into humans?
they would be rejected by the human
100
What shape is a DNA molecule?
Double helix
100
During genetic engineering, what type of enzymes are used to cut open the DNA?
restrictions enzymes
100
Which part of the eye contains light receptor cells?
retina
200
What do we call organisms that have cells that contain a nucleus?
eukaryotes / eukaryotic
200
What type of diseases can be treated with antibiotics?
diseases caused by bacteria
200
What would be the code for the complimentary strand of this piece of DNA?
GTA CTC ATC
CAT GAG TAG
200
During genetic engineering, what type of enzyme is used to join together the DNA's complementary sticky ends?
ligase
200
Which type of light receptor cells can detect different colours?
Cones
300
What process is used to produce gametes?
Meiosis
300
When investigating the effects of antibiotics on bacterial colonies, why must aseptic technique be used?
To kill other microorganisms, to make sure that they do not affect the results.
300
When extracting DNA, what is used to precipitate the DNA?
(ice cold) ethanol
300
Draw a Punnet square to show the chances of having a blue eyed child when a heterozygous brown eyed male reproduces with a homozygous blue eyed female. Use B = brown, b = blue
50% chance:
300
Which part of the brain is coloured red: 
cerebellum
400
What type of cells are undifferentiated, but can become specialised into any other cell?
Stem cells
400
Uncontrolled cell division can result in what type of non-communicable disease?
cancer
400
When extracting DNA, what is used to break down proteins in the cell membranes?
protease (enzyme)
400
What type of limb structure do most vertebrates possess?
pentadactyl limb
400
What do we call the area of the root and shoot tip which contains many cells undergoing mitosis?
meristem
500
Give two features of the daughter cells produced by mitosis.
2 daughter cells
genetically identical
diploid
body cells
500
Describe the lytic pathway of virus replication
virus inserts genetic material into the host cell
takes over the host cell
virus proteins are made
virus components are assembled inside the cell
cell lyses to release the virus
500
In a DNA molecule, what holds together the complementary base pairs?
(weak) hydrogen bonds
500
Describe how evolution by natural selection occurs.
Variation amongst individuals
Change in the environment
Better adapted organisms survive
To have more offspring
Offspring inherit the advantageous characteristics
Repeated over many generations
500
What is produced when lipase breaks down lipids?
fatty acids and glycerol