Introduction to Psychology
True or false? Psychologists and psychiatrists are the same?
False
What type of method do psychologists use to study psychological phenomena?
The scientific method
What are ethics?
Moral principles and codes of behaviour that apply to all psychologists
Name two of the six approaches to normality.
Situational, historical, socio-cultural, medical, statistical, functional
What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?
It is a handbook used by psychologists and psychiatrists to diagnose and classify mental disorders.
What term describes an estimated guess or statement predicting the results of a study?
Hypothesis
What is the name of the variable in an experiment that is manipulated or changed in order to measure its effects on another variable?
The independent variable (IV)
True or false? Once a trial has started, a participant cannot withdraw?
False. Participants have the right to leave an experiment at any time
Which approach to normality describes how within a society or culture, thoughts, feelings and behaviours that may be considered normal in one situation may be considered abnormal in another situation.
Situational
Depression, mania and bipolar disorder are all types of _______ disorders.
Mood disorders
What are the three differences between psychologists and psychiatrists?
Psychologists do not have a medical degree, they cannot perform surgeries and they cannot prescribe medications
Which is larger when designing an experiment, the sample or the population?
The population is larger. It is the larger pool from which the sample of participants is drawn.
Which organisation do Australian psychologists register with in order to practice?
The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA).
Which approach to normality would best fit the following scenario? Giving a student the strap for bad behaviour was normal in the past but is abnormal now.
Historical
True or false? Schizophrenia is a type of psychotic disorder?
True
Name three types of psychologists.
Forensic, counselling, clinical, organisational, educational, sport, health, social, academic/research, clinical neuropsychologist, environmental.
What is an extraneous variable?
Any potential independent variable which is of no direct interest to the researcher, but which may have an effect on the dependent variable
Are researchers allowed to use deception in a research study?
Yes, if deception is required to ensure the validity of the experiment. The participant must be debriefed
True or False? Maladaptive behaviour is behaviour that interferes with the person’s ability to adjust to the environment appropriately and effectively. True.
True
What type of mental disorder involves a state of arousal involving unpleasant feelings of apprehension or uneasiness that something is wrong or something bad is about to happen?
Anxiety disorders
What is the difference between thoughts and behaviour?
Thoughts are mental processes that cannot be observed, while behaviour are actions that can be directly observed
Why is replication important for studies?
It strengthens the reliability and validity of research findings.
Name one of the three main principles of the APS Code of Ethics.
Integrity, propriety and respect for the rights and dignity of persons
When does atypical behaviour raise mental health concerns?
When it is persistent, is evident across different situations in everyday life, and is maladaptive.
What is the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of mental health?
The biopsychosocial model is a way of describing and explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and interact to influence a person’s mental health.