Protestant Reformation
What is the reformation?
a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.
What is a schism and who was it between?
A schism is a formal split within a religion or church.
East and west -- catholic and orthodox
What were the crusades?
A series of holy wars to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control
Name the three Major church councils
Nicaea, Ephesus, Chalcedon
What was the main issue in the council of Chalcedon?
Clarifying Jesus' human and divine nature
What were two reasons why the reformation occurred?
Corruption in the church, Rising literacy, Printing press, Religious and political independence
When did the great schism happen?
1054
Who ordered for the crusades to occur?
Many popes, notably Pope Urban II
What was the main issue in the council of Nicaea?
Arianism --> Jesus is a creation of God, not God himself
What was the decision in the council of Chalcedon?
Jesus is one person in two natures / balanced the beliefs from the previous two councils
Who led the reformation and what did he do?
Martin Luther -- 95 theses -- nailed then to a church door in Wittenburg, Germany
In which areas were the 5 main bishops before the schism?
Constantinople, Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem
What role did the church play during this time?
The church was the most powerful institution in Europe / Popes had both religious and political influence
What two things came out of the council of Nicaea?
Declared Jesus is "of the same substance" as God the Father
Created the Nicene Creed
Why is the Nicene creed important today?
Outlines all of our core beliefs as christians
How did the church respond to the reformation?
Council of Trent -- Reaffirmed catholic beliefs (7 sacraments, transubstantiation, faith and tradition), put an end to corrupt practices
Give two reasons for the schism.
Political (Language barrier - Greek or Latin)
Theological (Filioque)
Authority (Pope or Patriarchs)
Liturgical (Communion, mass)
When did the crusades occur?
1096 - 1291
What was the main issue in the council of Ephesus?
Nestorianism --> Jesus was two separate persons
Why were the councils important?
Helped unite the beliefs of the church / helped to eliminate heresy / protect for beliefs
What are the main beliefs of the protestant church?
Sola Scriptura -- all beliefs are based of ONLY the bible, not tradition
salvation through faith alone
What has been the impact of the schism?
Separation into catholic and orthodox, differences in religious practice, some tension between the churches
What was the impact of the crusades?
Increased contact between East and West / Led to trade and cultural exchange / Caused violence and tension between religions
What were two decisions that came out of the council of Ephesus
Declared Jesus as one person with two natures
Confirmed Mary as "theotokos" (God bearer)
TRUE OR FALSE
someone got slapped in the council of Nicaea
TRUE! (We think) St. Nicholas slapped Arius for his heresy, but not much historical evidence for this