Bones
What name is given to both the fingers and the toes?
Phalanges
Turning the head from side to side is an example of which joint movement?
True or False: Ligaments connect bone to muscle
False. Ligaments connect bone to bone
Identify the largest muscle in the back.
Latissimus dorsi
True or false: An antagonist muscle shortens and contracts.
False: An antagonist muscle lengthens and relaxes to allow the agonist to shortens and contract.
Identify the two parts of a bone.
Compact bone and spongey bone
True or False: Abduction and adduction can take place at the hip and shoulder joints
True
What is a tendon?
Tough bands of connective tissue which transmit forces generated by the muscles to move bones into position.
Identify the three types of muscle in the body and provide an example of each.
Cardiac muscle eg. heart
Smooth muscle eg. digestive system (stomach, intestines)
Skeletal eg. bicep
Explain an eccentric muscle contraction.
The muscle lengthens during a contraction (rather than shortening), while force is developed.
Example: bicep in downward phase of bicep curl
True or false: The axial skeleton includes the arm and leg bones.
False. The arms and legs make up the apendicular skeleton.
Identify two types of synovial joints and provide an example in the body of each.
Hinge
Ball and socket
(Others could be Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle or Plane)
What do ligaments do?
Ligaments connect bone to bone, providing stability to joints and preventing excessive movement or dislocation.
Identify three functions of the muscular system
Provide our body with shape and stability
Protects organs
Movement
Identify the three types of muscle relationships (agonist, antagonist and stabiliser) taking place in the upward phase of a bicep curl.
Agonist: bicep
Antagonist: tricep
Stabiliser: deltoid (at the shoulder joint)
Name the four bones in the leg.
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Name the four joint movements that can take place at the elbow joint
Flexion
Extension
Pronation
Supination
Identify one tendon in the body and the bone and muscle/s it connects
Example: Achilles tendon connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneous bone.
Explain the difference between fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibres.
Fast - contract quickly, fatigue quickly, large force, short duration
Slow - contract slowly, resistant to fatigue, less force, long duration
Identify and explain the three types of muscular contractions
Isotonic Concentric Contraction: Muscle shortens while generating force (eg. lifting a heavy weight)
Isotonic Eccentric Contraction: Muscle lengthens under tension (eg. lowering a weight)
Isometric Contraction: Muscle remains the same length while under tension (eg. holding a plank)
Identify the five functions of the skeletal system.
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage of minerals
Blood cell production
Demonstrate six different joint motions.
Stand up and show us:
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Describe the role of cartilage in the body.
Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that acts as a cushion and shock absorber for joints, reduces friction between bones, and provides structure to body parts like the nose and ears.
How many muscles make up the "quadriceps". Name two of them.
Four:
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Demonstrate an isometric contraction for 30 seconds!
Wall squat or plank