Organelles & Cell Types
What is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which type of microscope uses electrons instead of light?
Electron microscope
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration is called?
Diffusion
What is the name of the place where the substrate binds on an enzyme?
Active site
🛠️📦📤
Golgi Apparatus (Modifies, packages, and ships proteins)
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosome
Who coined the term “cell”?
Robert Hooke
What type of transport requires energy (ATP)?
Active transport
Enzymes are what type of biological molecule?
Proteins
🏭⚙️
Mitochondria ("Powerhouse" of the cell, produces energy)
Name one organelle found in plant cells but not animal cells.
Chloroplast, cell wall.
What’s the total magnification of a 10x ocular lens and 40x objective lens?
400x
Name the process of water movement across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis
What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?
Its active site shape is changed, and it no longer can bind with its specific substrate.
💪⚡🚪
Active Transport (Requires energy to move molecules)
What’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles/nucleus, prokaryotes do not.
Name the main disadvantage of electron microscopes.
Can only be used to view dead specimens.
A cell is placed in a solution and shrinks. Was the solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?
Hypertonic
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Cold temperatures, limit collisions between enzymes and substrates, activity increases activity up to an optimum, then decreases if too hot due to denaturation.
SOBIROMER =
RIBOSOME
Arrange from smallest to largest: mitochondrion, virus, ribosome, bacterial cell.
Ribosome < Virus < Mitochondrion < Bacterial Cell
Sketch and label a prokaryotic cell with 3 key structures.
Includes:
- Cell Wall
- Circular Chromosome
- Flagella
What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?
It swells and may burst (lysis)
Explain the lock and key model of enzyme action.
The enzyme’s active site is a perfect fit for the specific substrate. An enzyme can only catalyse a specific reaction.
Glucose + Oxygen → ?
Carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)