AOS 1
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge joint.
What class of lever is most common in the human body?
3rd class
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped from the heart per beat?
Stroke Volume
What is the function of haemoglobin?
Allows oxygen to be carried to the working muscles
The mitchondria is?
The powerhouse of the cell
Which muscle fibre type produces the greatest force?
Fast-twitch fibres
Which muscle fibre type is most resistant to fatigue?
Slow-twitch fibres
The formula for Q is:
Q = SV X HR
The formula for V is:
V = TV x RR
Aaron landed on Naol's foot and experienced a sharp pain. Is this a direct or indirect injury?
Direct
What is reciprocal inhibition?
The agonist contracts while the antagonist relaxes.
What is the difference between concentric and eccentric contractions?
Concentric shortens the muscle; eccentric lengthens the muscle under tension.
What process moves oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?
Diffusion/gaseous exchange
What is thermoregulation?
The body's regulation of temperature.
Which Olympic event is approximately 42.2 km long?
Marathon
Define motor unit.
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it controls.
Discuss one benefit and one risk of anabolic steroid use.
Increased muscle mass and strength; risks include hormonal disruption and cardiovascular issues.
Describe what happens to blood flow during exercise.
Vasodilation towards the working muscles for more oxygenated blood to produce energy.
Vasoconstriction to all other areas that arent needed eg the somach.
What is responsible for breaking down ATP to produce energy?
oxygen
Which athlete would most likely have the highest resting heart rate: a marathon runner, a cyclist, a swimmer, or an untrained adult?
an untrained adult
Describe the interaction between agonists and antagonists muscles during a squat.
Agonists (quadriceps and gluteus maximus) contract to produce movement while antagonists (hamstrings) relax to allow movement.
Explain why third-class levers are mechanically disadvantageous but beneficial for sport performance.
They sacrifice force for greater speed and range of motion.
What chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
Compare altitude training and EPO use.
Both increase red blood cell production, but altitude training is legal while EPO is banned.
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
Tendon attaches muscles to bone whereas a ligament attaches bone to bone