Population Change
This is the average number of children born (live) per 1000 people per year.
What is Birth rate
Outline two constraints to migration.
distance, cost, legal documents
What are the three age cohorts represented on a population pyramid?
young dependents, economically active, old dependents
Define food security
Access to safe and nutritious food that meets dietary and nutritional needs.
What is meant by urbanization and what are the three fcators infuencing urbanization?
growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Rural-urban migration, natural increase, growth of industries.
A fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman is known as?
What is replacement level fertility.
Explain the connections between a person's age and migration.
retirement, habit patterns, employment, limited means
What is the dependency ratio and how is it calculated?
r/ship between the economically active and dependent populations. 0-14+65+/15-64*100
Outlin two causes and consequences of food shortages.
Causes- wars, pests, higher energy
Consequences- malnutrition, diseases etc
What is meany by a world city?
global historical, political and economc significance.
Explain two social factors affecting fertility rates.
education, traditions, religion
With the aid of examples, explain the difference between push and pull factors.
pull- jobs, higher income etc. push- war, famine, unemployment etc
Whare the the chasllenges related to an ageing population?
health, pensions, services etc
Explain two ways of increasing food production.
appropriate technology, the green revolution, irrigration
Name two land use models and explain their characteristics.
Burgess, Hoyt, ultiple nuceli model by Harris and Ullman
Explain how political factors influence fertility rates.
Anti-natalist vs pro natalist
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary migration?
Voluntrary- personal choice, Involun- forced
Describe the changes in birth rate at each stage of the DTM.
1- high and fluctuating
2- high
3- decrease
4- low
5- lower than DR
What is meant by the concept carrying capacity?
maximum number of people an environment can carry sustainably given its land, energy and food resources.
Describe the cahracteristics of shanty towns/squatter settlements.
housing, crime, education, infrastructure etc.
This is the number of deaths of babies/children under one year of age per 1000 live births per year
infant mortality rate
What are the economic and social benefits of international migration on the host country?
cultural diversity, increased tax revenue, increased output, fill job vacancies
What are the limtations and criticisms of the DTM?
Eurocentric, does not factor in migration, wars, diseases, gerneralized model to the realities of European countries.
Explain why the concept/theory of optimum population may not exist in real life.
it is constantly changing and difficult to measure. Factors such as technology, resource availability, economic conditions, and population needs are always evolving, so the “ideal” number of people cannot stay fixed. Additionally, resources are not evenly distributed, and migration and government policies can quickly alter population size. Because of these complexities, it is unrealistic to identify or maintain a single optimum population in reality.
What is meant by suburbanization?
outwards growth of cities on the outskirts.