Concepts of Health
Name the five dimensions
Physical
Mental
Emotional
Social
Spiritual
What is optimal health and wellbeing?
Optimal health and wellbeing is the best level of health and wellbeing that a person can achieve. It's a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
Name at least 4 indicators
YLL
YLD
DALY
Mortality
Morbidity
Prevalence
Incidence
HALE
Name the population groups. All four groups.
Male and Female
Low SES and High SES
Indigenous and Non-Indigenous
Rural and Outer City
Name at least 4 of the factors we looked at.
Alcohol
Smoking
Overweight and Obesity
Low intake of fibre, fruit and vegetable
High intake of sugar, salt and fat
What is spiritual health and wellbeing and give some characteristics under it.
Spiritual well being is defined as an expanding sense of purpose and meaning in life, including one's own morals and ethics.
A sense of belonging
Values and Beliefs
Sense of purpose in life
Using an example, explain how health is subjective.
Subjective because an individual's experience and interpretation of their health status is personal and influenced by factors like their values, expectations, and social context.
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Prevalence is the proportion of a population with a characteristic, while incidence is the number of new cases in a population during a specific time period
What is meant by sociocultural factors?
Sociocultural factors refer to the broad social and cultural influences that shape an individual's health, well-being, and behaviors, encompassing things like social norms, cultural values, beliefs, and economic circumstances
Pick a factor and link it to a health status indicator.
Correct factor and correct link to health status indicator.
Explain the difference between illness and disease
Illness is a subjective concept related to an individual’s personal experience of a disease or injury. Disease on the other hand is a physical or mental disturbance involving the body’s processes such as symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage.
How does optimal health and wellbeing act as a resource globally?
If people are optimally healthy, they are able to work to earn an income, enabling individuals to live longer, fuller lives, contributing to economic prosperity through travel, and fostering a more sustainable future through increased productivity and reduced burdens on healthcare systems across countries.
What is burden of disease as an indicator of health status
Burden of disease measures the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age, free of disease and disability.
Outline a biological factor. Link it to a difference between Males and Females in health status.
Genetics - males have testosterone - increased risk taking behaviour - increase mortality.
Briefly explain how the over-consumption of salt foods can contribute to health status in Australia.
Increased sodium in the blood, removing the fluid in the blood resulting in the blood becoming thicker/heavier. This requires the heart to pump harder to push the blood around the body. The heart having to work harder increased the risk of developing hypertension which can increase YLD.
Explain the concept of health and wellbeing.
Health and wellbeing relates to a person’s current state in relation to the five dimensions and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Describe how optimal health and wellbeing can act as a resource individually.
Optimal health and wellbeing allows individuals to go to school, get an education and work productively. This means they can earn an income which can help them to lead an independent life.
What is meant by health status?
An individual’s or population’s overall level of health and wellbeing taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity.
Name an environmental factor (not geographical location) and link it to a variation in health status between a population group.
Climate change
Work environment
Housing
Infrastructure
Discuss the importance of consuming an adequate intake of dairy or dairy alternatives each day in reducing the burden of disease in Australia.
An adequate intake of dairy foods has been shown to decrease the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. These are leading causes of death, so reducing them can lower the rate of YLL.
Using an example, explain how mental and social health and wellbeing can influence each other.
Being able to interact with a range of different people can help people form meaningful relationships, promoting social health and wellbeing. This can provide feelings of connection which can promote self-esteem. With higher levels of self-esteem, people are more likely to further engage with other people, promoting the quality of relationships.
Explain why optimal health and wellbeing is a resource nationally
Good health and wellbeing contributes to a healthier community. This can mean there is less premature death and illness from conditions such as cancer, asthma, heart disease and lung conditions which reduces the amount of grief experienced in the community. Less grief can promote social participation which can give all members of the population more opportunities to be involved.
Outline what burden of disease is and what you must answer with in a question.
Burden of disease is related to DALY, YLL and YLD. When referring to an question with burden of disease, your answer must include one of the three.
Explain how a sociocultural factor may contribute to the difference in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous health status.
Social isolation, due to living in remote areas, can reduce the ability to access resources needed for health and wellbeing, such as healthcare. This can increase stress and mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression.
Explain two ways that the use of vapes can impact health status.
Vaping can cause a fault in cells as they divide. These faults can develop into cancer which is the leading cause of death in Australia, contributing many YLL and YLD.