FORMULAS
You capture, mark, and release 40 turtles in a pond. A week later, you recapture 50 turtles, 10 of which are marked. Which formula estimates the total population?
This enzyme assists in unwinding the DNA molecule during replication.
What is helicase?
This method involves placing a square frame randomly or systematically to estimate species abundance.
What is a quadrat?
A severe bushfire kills most of a koala population, leaving only a few survivors. This sudden reduction in genetic diversity is called a ____.
What is a genetic bottleneck?
This type of mutation occurs when a single base is changed, inserted, or deleted in a gene.
What is a point mutation?
A population of kangaroos increases from 80 to 120 over one year. Which formula helps calculate the rate of population growth?
What is population growth rate = (births + immigration) − (deaths + emigration)?
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to a growing DNA strand.
What is DNA polymerase?
This survey technique involves recording species along a straight line to show changes in distribution.
What is a transect?
Koala populations in Queensland are becoming genetically distinct from those in New South Wales because habitat fragmentation prevents interbreeding. This separation could eventually lead to ____.
What is allopatric speciation?
This mutation type involves adding or removing a base, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code.
What is a frameshift mutation?
To find the phenotypic ratio from a genetic cross, what do you use?
What is a Punnet Square
This enzyme joins fragments of DNA on the lagging strand during replication.
What is ligase?
This method helps ecologists estimate the proportion of ground area covered by a species within a quadrat.
What is percentage cover?
The chlamydia resistance gene gives some koalas a survival advantage. Over time, these alleles become more common. This is an example of ____.
What is natural selection?
This term describes a change in the number of chromosomes, such as having 45 or 47 instead of 46.
What is aneuploidy?
You want to measure the diversity of species in an ecosystem using both richness and evenness. What formula applies?
What is the Simpson’s Diversity Index?
This term refers to the specific temperature at which an enzyme functions most effectively.
What is the optimum temperature?
This system classifies vegetation based on structure, height, and cover, such as "open forest" or "grassland."
What is Specht’s classification system?
Koalas are adapted to eat only eucalyptus leaves. This narrow feeding behaviour makes them what type of species?
What is a specialist species?
This type of radiation, such as UV or X-rays, can cause mutations by damaging DNA.
What are physical mutagens?
In an experiment, this value being below 0.05 usually means the results are statistically significant.
What is the p-value?
This enzyme builds a strand of mRNA by using DNA as a template during transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
This measure describes how often a species appears across all quadrats sampled.
What is frequency?
Koalas reproduce slowly, investing heavily in raising one joey at a time. This makes them a good example of this type of species.
What is a K-selected species?
When an entire chromosome fails to separate properly during meiosis, it results in this.
What is non-disjunction?