M5: Equilibrium and acid reactions
What happens to the concentrations of reactants and products when a system reaches dynamic equilibrium?
They remain constant
According to the Brønsted–Lowry model, what is an acid?
proton donor
Name the compound:
CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃
2-methylbutane
Why does increasing temperature generally increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
More particles have sufficient activation energy
Which civilisation constructed the ancient city of Machu Picchu?
Inca
In a reversible reaction at equilibrium, how do the rates of the forward and reverse reactions compare?
They are equal
According to the Brønsted–Lowry model, what is a base?
proton acceptor
Draw the condensed structural formula of 3-methylhex-2-ene.
CH₃CH=C(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃
Why does a catalyst increase reaction rate without being consumed?
It provides an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
What is the only country that borders both the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf?
Iran
For the reaction
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
what happens to the equilibrium position when more N₂ is added?
Shifts to the right
Identify the conjugate base of H₂CO₃.
HCO₃⁻
What type of isomerism exists between pent-1-ene and 2-methylbut-1-ene?
Chain isomerism
A solution turns blue litmus paper red. Is the solution acidic or basic?
Basic
Who wrote the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude?
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
For an exothermic equilibrium reaction, what happens to the equilibrium position when temperature is increased?
Shifts towards reactants
In the reaction:
NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
which species is the Brønsted–Lowry base?
NH3
Identify the functional groups present in the compound:
CH₃CH₂COOCH₃
Ester
A student mixes two colourless solutions and observes the formation of a precipitate. What does this indicate?
A chemical reaction has occured.
Which element has the chemical symbol W?
Tungsten
A weak acid is added to water. What happens to the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions?
It increases.
In the reaction:
HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
what is the conjugate acid of H₂O?
H3O+
An organic compound has the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂ and contains a carboxyl group. Name two possible structural isomers.
butanoic acid and 2-methylpropanoic acid
A chemical equilibrium is disturbed and the system responds in a way that partially opposes the disturbance. What principle describes this behaviour?
Le Chatelier's principle
What is the name of the mathematical theorem that relates the sides of a right-angled triangle?
Pythagorean theorem.