Overarching Frameworks
Write an enabler for road safety unit.
Knowing road rules, seatbelts, helmets, speeding cameras
In what year and city was the Ottawa Charter developed?
1986 in Ottawa, Canada.
What are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter?
Build Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills, Reorient Health Services.
Name any three social determinants of health.
Unemployment, early life, social exclusion, stress, addiction, food, transport, culture, work, social support. (Any 3)
What are biomedical health determinants?
Biomedical determinants include factors like body weight and birth weight that affect physical health.
What is a barrier?
Something that limits access to community and social resources.
Name any 3 prerequisites for health according to the Ottawa Charter.
Peace, Shelter, Education, Food, Income, Stable ecosystem, Sustainable resources, Social justice, Equity. (Any 3)
Give one example of “Building Healthy Public Policy”
Example: Smoking bans in restaurants, or taxes on sugary drinks, Alcohol Taxes
Explain how unemployment affects a person’s health?
It increases the risk of mental health issues, reduces income, and limits access to health services and social interaction.
Name two environmental health determinants.
Air quality, water quality, UV exposure, extreme weather, environmental noise. (Any 2)
What is health literacy?
Health literacy is the cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in a way to promote and maintain good health
What do the three strategies "Enable, Mediate, Advocate" mean in health promotion?
Enable: empower people; Mediate: help groups resolve health issues; Advocate: promote healthy public policies.
What does “Reorient Health Services” mean, and provide an example.
It means shifting focus from just treating illness to promoting health through prevention. Example: Breast screening buses in rural areas.
Explain how stress impacts physical and mental health.
Chronic stress weakens the immune system, causes fatigue, anxiety, and increases risk of illness and disease.
How does body weight act as a biomedical determinant of health?
High or low body weight can increase risk of disease; for example, obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and sleep disorders.
What is RE-AIM?
Reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance
Explain how the Ottawa Charter helps guide health promotion efforts globally.
It provides a framework for creating health strategies based on equity, empowerment, and community action.
How does “Creating Supportive Environments” contribute to better health outcomes?
It ensures people live and work in healthy, safe environments. Example: Clean parks, safe housing, support groups.
How does social exclusion affect long-term wellbeing?
Social exclusion leads to isolation, reduced support, emotional trauma, and increased risk of mental illness.
Explain the difference between natural and built environmental determinants.
Natural environment includes air, water, and weather (not human-made); built environment includes structures like housing, roads, and transport.
rovide two key determinant ideas and two examples of each idea
Socioeconomic characteristics (education, employment, access to services, social roles), health behaviours (smoking, tobacco use, physical activity, sexual practices), biomedical factors (birth weight, body weight, blood pressure), psychological factors (stress, trauma, resilience), knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (health literacy)
How do the Ottawa Charter principles apply when addressing a national health issue like smoking or obesity?
Example: For smoking—public policy (plain packaging), personal skills (education), supportive environments (smoke-free zones), health services (cessation clinics), and community action (anti-smoking campaigns).
Describe how all five action areas can be used to reduce the burden of chronic disease in Aboriginal communities.
Build policies (like “Closing the Gap”), train local health workers (reorient services), community involvement in decisions (community action), provide health education (personal skills), and safe housing (supportive environments).
Compare how a child’s early life and family environment can impact their health later in life.
A child in a supportive, healthy environment is more likely to have good health, whereas poor nutrition or stress in early life can lead to developmental issues and chronic disease.
How can geographic location influence someone's access to healthcare and health outcomes?
People in rural or remote areas may have fewer hospitals, doctors, and services, leading to poorer health outcomes compared to people in cities.