How Healthy Are Australians?
Name the two groups that must always be analysed when studying health inequities in Australia.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, plus one other group (e.g. rural/remote, low SES, CALD, older people, people with disability).
Name the government scheme that subsidises Australians' access to medical services.
Medicare.
What does 'SDG' stand for?
Sustainable Development Goal.
Name the screening tool used before starting an exercise program to check for health risks.
Pre-exercise questionnaire.
What does the acronym TOTAPS stand for?
Talk, Observe, Touch, Active movement, Passive movement, Skill.
Which national report is the key source used to analyse Australia's current health status?
A) Australia's Health B) The ABS Census C) WHO Global Report D) Bureau of Meteorology data
A) Australia's Health
Which best describes a non-government organisation's role in healthcare?
A) Sets national health policy B) Runs all public hospitals C) Delivers targeted community/charity health services D) Sets Medicare rebate levels
C) Delivers targeted community/charity health services
Which SDG focuses specifically on 'Good Health and Wellbeing'?
A) SDG 3 B) SDG 4 C) SDG 10 D) SDG 11
A) SDG 3
Which method involves short, maximal-effort bursts with rest between, e.g. Sprint Interval Training?
A) Continuous training B) Anaerobic interval training C) Fartlek training D) PNF stretching
B) Anaerobic interval training
Which recovery strategy is psychological rather than physiological?
A) Hydrotherapy B) Cool-down C) Relaxation techniques D) Ice therapy
C) Relaxation techniques
Explain two sociological causes of risky health behaviours in Australia.
e.g. low socioeconomic status limiting access to health resources/education; cultural norms and peer influence; targeted marketing of unhealthy products to disadvantaged groups.
Explain the difference between health expenditure on treatment versus prevention.
Treatment spending addresses illness after onset (e.g. hospital care); prevention spending reduces risk before illness occurs (e.g. screening, health promotion) - investing in prevention lowers long-term system costs.
Explain one way big data is used to improve the health of Australians.
e.g. tracking disease patterns to predict outbreaks, personalising treatment plans, or targeting healthcare spending more efficiently.
Explain the training principle of progressive overload.
Gradually increasing training demand (intensity, duration or frequency) over time so the body is forced to adapt and improve fitness.
Explain how poor sleep can affect an athlete's movement and injury risk.
Reduces reaction time, concentration and muscle recovery - increasing injury risk and impairing skill execution.
A rural NSW town has a significantly higher cardiovascular disease rate than the state average. Explain how interacting determinants could cause this.
e.g. reduced access to healthcare services (environmental), lower average income (sociocultural), higher smoking/poor diet rates (behavioural) compounding together.
A patient uses acupuncture alongside prescribed physiotherapy for a sports injury. Explain how this reflects 'complementary healthcare.'
It's used as a supplement to conventional medical treatment, not a replacement for it.
A telehealth app lets rural patients consult specialists remotely. Explain how this addresses SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities).
It removes the geographic barrier to specialist care, improving equity of access for rural/remote populations.
A swimmer's performance has plateaued despite 8 weeks of the same training routine. Using training principles, explain why and suggest a fix.
The body has adapted to the current load (lack of overload/variety); increase intensity or vary the stimulus to trigger further adaptation.
A team-sport athlete is in the pre-season phase of their yearly training program. Describe the focus of training at this stage.
Building an aerobic/strength base, developing skills, and injury-prevention conditioning, before intensity increases in-season.
Compare Australia's life expectancy ranking to other OECD nations and give one reason for this ranking.
This country ranks 6th among OECD nations for life expectancy, at approximately 83 years. This is because of low rates of preventable diseases and deaths
Outline the criteria a critical health consumer should use to judge the credibility of an online health product.
Check the source's credibility/qualifications, look for evidence base, identify commercial bias/marketing intent, cross-check against reputable health organisations.
Draw a simple diagram showing how SDGs 3, 4, 10 and 11 could interact to improve health in a disadvantaged community.
Central node 'Improved community health', with arrows in from SDG 4 (health literacy/education), SDG 10 (equitable access), SDG 11 (safe, sustainable environment) and SDG 3 (direct health services), each feeding into the outcome.
Draw and label a diagram showing the relationship between training, physiological adaptation and improved performance for ONE factor (e.g. stroke volume or haemoglobin level).
Training stimulus -> physiological adaptation (e.g. increased stroke volume) -> improved oxygen delivery -> improved performance.
Justify why drug testing is an important ethical safeguard in elite sport, referring to both health and fairness.
Protects athletes from the health risks of doping, ensures a level playing field/fair competition, and maintains the integrity of results.