Module 5
Which system would be more likely to achieve equilibrium? Open or Closed
Closed.
primary = aldehyde
secondary = ketone
tertiary = nothing
What is oxidation reaction of alcohols
If there are multiple peaks at the same location on an NMR plot, what does this suggest?
There is more that one of that type of bond in the molecule
The process of starting an addition polymerisation reaction involving the introduction of a free radical which reacts with a double bond
What is initiation
How can activation energy be overcome in a reaction without using a catalyst?
I can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor
What is an amphiprotic substance
How are esters produced and what catalyst is used?
Reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid with a strong acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid.
What tests identify unsaturated hydrocarbons
Bromine water = turns colourless, and potassium permanganate = changes colour to yellow/brown
How do polar ionic substances dissolve in water
Positive ions are attracted to the water's negative dipole, while negative ions will be attracted to water's positive dipole.
I am the point at the bottom of a conductivity curve.
What is the equivalence point
What is the difference between a chain isomer, position isomer and functional group isomer
Chain isomer = changes to carbon backbone
Position isomer = changes to position of functional group
Functional group isomer = different functional group, with the same molecular formula.
What reaction conditions need to be considered in a chemical synthesis pathway (4)
concentration, pressure, temperature, catalyst
Why is using high pressures to increase yield difficult in a real-life scenario?
It is expensive and can be dangerous
I am the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction.
What is the limiting reagent
Describe the equation for fermentation
C6H12O6 produces 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
Give some principles of Green chemistry (5)
Prevent waste
Design safer chemiscals and products
Design less hazards chemical synthesis
Use renewable raw materials
Use catalysts rather than stoichiometric reagents
Avoid chemical derivatives
Maximise atom economy
Use safer solvents and reaction conditions
Increase energy efficiency
Design for degradation
Analyse in real time to prevent pollution
Minimise the potential for accidents.
Match the detergents shown on the Mixed Bag 400point clue with their correct detergent type.
Sodiumstearylbenzenesulfonate = anionic
Lauryltrimethylammoniumchloride = cationic
Palmityl alcohol ethoxylate
Collect a graph of changes to an equilibrium and identify the change that occurred at the 5 minute mark.
There was a sudden rise in oxygen concentration due to the addition of a volume of oxygen. this disturbed the equilibrium and the thus it shifted to the right, creating more Sulfur trioxide.
The pOH is 10.4. What is the H+ concentration?
0.002Mol/L
Fill in the blanks on the reaction pathway provided
Amine, Alcohol, Halogen, Sulfuric acid, Carboxylic acid, Aldehyde
Use the information provided on the Module 8 - 500point card to determine the name and chemical formula for compound X.
Methanamine
IR spectrum shows the presence of C-N and N-H bonds, consistent with an amine compound.
Mass spectrum has a m/z value of 31. this is consistent with methanamine - Ch3NH2
Identify solution A, precipitate B and precipitate C from the flowchart shown on the Mixed Bag 500 point clue.
Carbonate is removed via effervescence, so Phosphate and Bromide ions are left in solution A
Addition of Barium nitrate leads to precipitation of Barium phosphate (B).
Addition of Silver nitrate precipitates the only remaining ion in solution, so Silver Bromide is substance C.