Health priorities in Australia
Define what epidemiology is and identify the four measures.
Epidemiology- study of disease in groups or populations through the collection of data and information, to identify patterns and causes.
- Morbidity
- Mortality
- infant mortality
- Life expectancy
Medicare is an example of a health promotion initiative?
a). True
b). False
False
How many multiple choice questions are there in the HSC exam paper and what topics do they consist of?
20 questions - 10 from Core 1, 10 from Core 2
What is the fuel for the ATP/PC system?
Creatine Phosphate
What is fartlek training?
Continous training with periods of increased intensity
What are the principles of training?
progressive overload
specificity
reversibility
variety
training thresholds
warmup and cooldown
How can you classify sports injuries?
a) by how much pain the athlete is in
b) direct, indirect, soft, hard and overuse
c) direct and soft
d) acute and hard
B
RICER stands for what
Rest, ice, compression, elevation and referral
How does epidemiology contribute to identifying health status' in communities.
- describe and compare patterns of health
- monitor major causes of sickness and death to identify emerging issues and inequalities
- identify areas of need so specific prevention and treatment interventions
- determine priority areas for allocation of government funding.
What are socio-cultural determinants of health?
Family, peers, media, religion and culture.
What is cardiac output?
the total amount of blood leaving the heart each minute
How can psychology affect performance? (syllabus)- identify points under.
- motivation
positive and negative
intrinsic and extrinsic
- anxiety and arousal
trait and state anxiety
sources of stress
optimum arousal
- psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety concentration/attention skills (focusing)
mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
relaxation techniques
goal-setting.
What is lactate threshold?
The point at which lactic acid accumulates quickly in the blood
Name 2 physiological and 2 psychological strategies to assist recovery.
Physiological strategies: cool down, hydration, nutrition, neural strategies (hydrotherapy), massage, tissue damage strategies (cryotherapy)
Psychological:meditation, breathing exericses, PMR, music, mental imagery
Define what hard tissue injuries and overuse injuries include.
Overuse injuries include- a result of minor repetitive and damaging forces
When coaching children and young athletes it is important to consider?
medical conditions, overuse, thermoregulation and resistance
Distinguish the difference between prevalence and incidence
Prevalance- the number of diseases in a population at a specific time
Incidence is the number of new cases of diseases occurring in a population
Other than ATSI, what group experiencing health inequities do we study?
SE Disadvantaged people
Name the three stages of skill acquisition
1. Cognitive Stage
2. Associative Stage
3. Autonomous Stage
Distinguish the difference between isometric and isotonic contractions?.
Isometric- muscle does not change length
Isotonic contractions- involve concentric and eccentric muscle contraction
What causes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to split to ADP (adenosine diphosphate)?
Explosive muscular contraction
Distinguish the difference between aerobic and anaerobic training thresholds and where the aerobic training zone sits.
Aerobic: level of intensity sufficient to cause a training effect. Approx. 70% of max. HR Anaerobic: Level of intensity in exercise where training effect is caused on anaerobic system.
Between these thresholds is aerobic training zone.
What is used for assessment of injuries. Identify and outline.
TOTAPS
- TALK
OBSERVE
TOUCH
ACTIVE
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
SKILLS TEST
What is not an element of physical preparation
a) skills and techniques
b) pre-screening
c) fitness
d) rules of sport and activities
d
Information and statistics on health are collected by a number of Australian bodies. List 3.
Medical research council, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Government Departments, Workplace Safety Australia, National Heart Foundation, National Injury Surveillance Unit and Roads and Traffic Authority.
What are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter?
1 Developing Personal Skills
2 Reorienting Health Services
3 Strengthen Community Action
4 Creating Supportive Environments
5 Building Healthy Public Policy
- Close the Gap
- Shape up Australia
What is bulk billing?
Payment option in the Medicare system where the service provider bills Medicare directly for the consultation fee, accepting the Medicare benefit as full payment, and the patient pays nothing.
What are the adaptations of fast twitch fibres to anaerobic training?
Lactic acid tolerance, Hypertrophy, ATP/PC supply increases, increase of glycolytic enzymes
After how many seconds does the ATP/PC system use lactic acid system and how much work is required/duration?
10-12 seconds of ATP/PC system.
30 seconds at 85% max effort. Can last 3-4 minutes at 70-80% up to 30 minutes at 60% or less.
What are the physiological adaptations in response to training.
resting heart rate
stroke volume and cardiac output
oxygen uptake and lung capacity
haemoglobinlevel
muscle hypertrophy
effect on fast/slow twitch muscle fibres
What is taping and bandaging used for?
isolate injury, prevent further injury, decrease range of movement
Identify an example of protective equipment in sport
post pads
helmet etc
There are 5 factors for identifying Priority Health Issues. Name them. (syllabus)
1. Prevalence of condition
2. social justice principles
3. Priority population groups
4. costs to the individual and community
5. potential for prevention and early intervention.
List and give a description of the levels of health promotion.
Government- coordination and leaderships. Federal level- government works with international agencies like WHO to ensure that the general public, along with other important health related agencies, have the information and systems they need to produce the best health outcome possible.
Local and state governments should be responsible for providing and supporting preventive health services and promotion.
INDIVIDUALS- Each person must accept responsibility, and be held accountable, for their own health. Individuals need to seek out health information and advice so that they can make informed decisions about their wellbeing.They can contribute to overall health of the community by seeking support from family and friends or offering to assist others.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION- The majority of Australia’s health promotion campaigns provide people with perfect examples of how people, governments and cities can work together to generate a better health outcome for the population. These partnerships help better the population’s health rates and the effectiveness has been positively impacted by the Ottawa Charter’s five action areas.
What are the three Social Justice Principles we focus on?
Equity, Diversity, Supportive Environments
List and describe the 4 types of stretching the influence flexibility training.
‐ Static Stretching: Muscle slowly stretched to position of discomfort and held 10‐30 sec. Safe, used for warm‐up / cool‐down, injury rehab, flexibility.
‐ Dynamic stretching: Uses speed + momentum to perform movements experienced in game. Reduces tiredness, gets muscles warm. E.g. arm windmilling, kicking with legs.
‐ Ballistic stretching: Bouncing but not recommended as can cause injury. Can activate stretch reflex (involuntary motion) which can tear muscle. E.g. bouncing to touch to
‐ PNF (Proprioceptice neuromuscular facilitation). Lengthening muscle against resistance. Static stretching and strength development. An isometric contraction and period of relax in lengthened position. E.g. lying on back and partner pushing legs back.
Identify the aspects that effect the learning environment.
nature of the skill (open, closed, gross, fine, discrete, serial, continuous, self-paced, externally paced)
the performance elements (decision-making, strategic and tactical)
development)
practice method (massed, distributed, whole, part)
feedback (internal, external, concurrent, delayed, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance)
Identify and outline the characteristics of skilled performers.
Characteristics of Skill and Performance 1. Kinaesthetic Sense
System of sensitivity that exists in muscles and their attachments. Skilled performerwell‐developed K. sense. Allows them to feel movement as they perform it. Can even make corrections while performing movement.
2. Anticipation + Timing
Able to predict what may happen in specific situations. E.g. speed of ball, where it will land, when kick will be effective. Allows more time to respond, anticipation is also necessary for externally paced activities. E.g. basketball, cricket.
3. Consistency
Skilled performershigh quality consistency. Can repeat desired movement in high‐pressure situations. E.g. tennis, golf
4. Technique
Good technique will be carried out in a safe, effective, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing manner. Movement will have better chance of being successful, will withstand pressure better, and less chance of injury if technique is proper.