Health priorities in Australia
Define what epidemiology is and identify the four measures.
Epidemiology- study of disease in groups or populations through the collection of data and information, to identify patterns and causes.
- Morbidity
- Mortality
- infant mortality
- Life expectancy
How is Medicare funded?
Funded through the Medicare levy (2% of taxable income).
What are two signs of an overtrained athlete?
Lethargy, Injury, Loss of Motivation
What is the fuel for the ATP/PC system?
Creatine Phosphate
Provide an example of a Gross Motor Skill and a Fine Motor Skill
Tackling in rugby - GROSS
Throwing a dart - FINE
What are the principles of training?
progressive overload
specificity
reversibility
variety
training thresholds
warmup and cooldown
What are the ways to classify injuries?
Soft/Hard
Overuse
What are the three phases of competition
Pre-season; In-Season; Off-Season
How does epidemiology contribute to identifying health status' in communities.
- describe and compare patterns of health
- monitor major causes of sickness and death to identify emerging issues and inequalities
- identify areas of need so specific prevention and treatment interventions
- determine priority areas for allocation of government funding.
What are two advantages of private health insurance
Shorter wait times
Choice of Doctor
Ancillary services
Name the 3 training methods for either strength or aerobic training
Aerobic - Continuous, Fartlek, Interval
Strength - Resistance, Weight, Isometric
What are the psychological strategies that enhance motivation and manage anxiety?
psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety
concentration/attention skills (focusing)
mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
relaxation techniques
goal-setting.
Depletion of Creatine Phosphate
Describe TWO physiological adaptations in response to aerobic training
Resting heart rate (RHR) is the number of beats per minute at rest and it DECREASES with training.
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each beat and it INCREASES with training.
Cardiac output in the volume of blood ejected each minute and it INCREASES with training.
Oxygen Uptake is the body’s ability to take in and utilise oxygen and it INCREASES with training
Haemoglobin is the iron containing component of red blood cells that attaches to oxygen to transport it around the body and it INCREASES with training
What are the considerations for female athletes?
Bone density
Iron Deficiency
Pregnancy
Eating Disorders
When coaching children and young athletes it is important to consider?
medical conditions, overuse, thermoregulation and resistance
What are the 3 social Justice Principles
What are socio-cultural determinants of health?
Family, peers, media, religion and culture.
What are the initial planning considerations for elite and amateur athletes? (Improving Performance)
Schedule of events/competitions
Climate and season
What are the 5 characteristics of a learner that may impact skill acquisition?
Personality, Heredity, Confidence, Ability, Prior experience
How long does it take to replenish the Lactic Acid System
20 mins - 2 hours
What are the training thresholds for both aerobic and anaerobic
Aerobic: level of intensity sufficient to cause a training effect. Approx. 60-80% of max. HR
Anaerobic: Level of intensity in exercise where training effect is caused on anaerobic system approx 85%MHR or higher.
What is used for assessment of injuries. Identify and outline.
TOTAPS
- TALK
OBSERVE
TOUCH
ACTIVE
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
SKILLS TEST
Provide 3 examples of training innovation and/or equipment advances
Speedo LZR, Nike Alphafly, Golf Balls
Lactate threshold testing, Biomechanical analysis, Vo2 max testing
What are the limitations of epidemiology?
Epidemiology fails to identify quality of life and well being of individuals, assess the impact of disease or display significant variations in the health status of subgroups.
Epidemiology cannot account for social, economic and cultural factors that shape health or explain why health inequities exist.
What are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter?
1 Developing Personal Skills
2 Reorienting Health Services
3 Strengthen Community Action
4 Creating Supportive Environments
5 Building Healthy Public Policy
- Close the Gap
- Shape up Australia
What is involved in planning a training year?
Phases of competition
Subphases
Peaking
Tapering
Sports specific subphases
Describe the difference between two practice methods
•Massed practice
•Distributed practice
•Whole practice
•Part practice
What are the different recovery strategies
Physiological - cool down, hydration
Neural - Massage, hydrotherapy
Tissue damage - Cryotherapy
Psychological - Relaxation
What are the 6 types of feedback
Internal
External
Concurrent
Delayed
Knowledge of Results
Knowledge of Performance
What is taping and bandaging used for?
isolate injury, prevent further injury, decrease range of movement
What are the elements of physical preparation
Pre-screening
Skill and Technique
Physical Fitness
Warm up, Cool down, Stretching
There are 5 factors for identifying Priority Health Issues. Name them. (syllabus)
1. Prevalence of condition
2. social justice principles
3. Priority population groups
4. costs to the individual and community
5. potential for prevention and early intervention.
List and give a description of a responsibility of each level of government for health services
Federal Government is responsible for:
Forming national health policies
Medicare
PBS
State Government is responsible for:
hospital services, mental health programs, dental health services, home and community care
Local Government is responsible for:
monitoring sanitation, waste disposal and hygiene standards in food outlets and building standards and implementing immunisation and antenatal clinics
What are the elements to be considered when designing a training session?
Health and Safety considerations
Overview
Warm up/Cool Down
Skill Instruction and Practice
Conditioning
Evaluation
List and describe the 4 types of stretching the influence flexibility training.
‐ Static Stretching: Muscle slowly stretched to position of discomfort and held 10‐30 sec. Safe, used for warm‐up / cool‐down, injury rehab, flexibility.
‐ Dynamic stretching: Uses speed + momentum to perform movements experienced in game. Reduces tiredness, gets muscles warm. E.g. arm windmilling, kicking with legs.
‐ Ballistic stretching: Bouncing but not recommended as can cause injury. Can activate stretch reflex (involuntary motion) which can tear muscle. E.g. bouncing to touch to
‐ PNF (Proprioceptice neuromuscular facilitation). Lengthening muscle against resistance. Static stretching and strength development. An isometric contraction and period of relax in lengthened position. E.g. lying on back and partner pushing legs back.
What is the difference between Anxiety and Arousal?
Characterised by fear or apprehension, anxiety is a primarily psychological response that stimulates our “fight, flight or freeze” response, releasing adrenaline into the blood stream, and is usually detrimental to performance.
A specific level of anxiety that exists on a spectrum, arousal is a primarily physiological level of activation or alertness experienced by an athlete in response to a stimulus, that manifests itself in a response such as increased ventilation, heart rate and perspiration.
What are the Four Dash Points under 'assessment of skill and performance'
Characteristics of skilled performers
Objective and subjective
Valid and reliable
Personal v Prescribed
What are rehabilitation procedures?
Progressive mobilisation
Graduated exercise (Stretching, conditioning, total body fitness)
Training
Use of heat and cold
What comes under the dot point 'Return to Play'
Psychological readiness
Return to play policies and procedures
Indicators of readiness
Monitoring progress
Ethical considerations
Specific warm up procedures