Classical Conditioning
Name the 5 components of classical conditioning.
Neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response.
Name and explain the three stages of operant conditioning.
Antecedent, behaviour, consequence.
Name are the five stages of observational learning in order.
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation, reinforcement.
For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, 'Country' refers to
a. the nation of Australia
b. all the rural areas outside of cities such as Melbourne
c. the actual location of where one's family originally comes from
d. the whole system of living entities in which humans are just a part, including the landscape, animals, plants, climate and waterways
D
Which animal can sleep for up to 3 years?
A) Desert tortoise
B) Snail
C) Camel
D) Hedgehog
B) Snail
A dog salivates when it sees food. Identify the UCS and UCR
UCS = Food, UCR = Salivation
Name and explain the four types of consequences in operant conditioning.
A learner cannot perform a skill because they lack the physical ability. Identify which stage is limiting performance.
Reproduction stage. The learner is unable to physically carry out the behaviour even though they may have observed and remembered it.
What role do elders play in Aboriginal learning?
They pass on knowledge, skills, and traditions.
In which country is it illegal to build sandcastles on some beaches?
A) Spain
B) Italy
C) Vanuatu
D) Portugal
A) Spain
In classical conditioning, when should the neutral stimulus (NS) be presented in relation to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) for learning to occur most effectively?
Immediately before.
A student loses privileges for not completing work. Explain what type of consequence this is.
This is an example of negative punishment. A desirable stimulus (privileges) is removed following an undesirable behaviour (not completing work), which decreases the likelihood of that behaviour occurring again.
Explain two factors that can increase a learner’s attention in observational learning.
Learners are more likely to pay attention to the model when the model is perceived positively, liked, of high status (such as a celebrity), similar to the learner, familiar to the learner, visible and stands out from others, behaving in a way that the learner believes can be imit.ated
How do Western and Aboriginal approaches to learning differ in the way knowledge is organised and taught?
A key difference is that Western approaches to learning tend to separate knowledge into distinct subjects (like Maths, Science, English), teaching them independently.
In contrast, Aboriginal approaches to learning are more holistic and interconnected, blending different areas of knowledge together and often linking learning to real-life contexts, stories, and relationships with people and Country.
What animal is known for fainting when it gets scared?
A) Sloth
B) Goat
C) Kangaroo
D) Penguin
B) Goat (fainting goat)
Explain the role of the learner in classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning, the role of the learner is passive. The learner does not consciously choose to form associations between stimuli
Explain the role of the learner in operant conditioning.
In operant conditioning, the learner plays an active role in learning because they voluntarily produce behaviours and learn from the consequences that follow.
A teenager watches a peer get rewarded for studying and then studies more. Explain the role of motivation and reinforcement.
The peer receiving a reward acts as vicarious reinforcement, which increases the teenager’s motivation, particularly extrinsic motivation (studying for an external reward). As a result, the teenager is more likely to imitate the behaviour and study because they expect a similar positive outcome.
What is one way knowledge is passed down across generations? (hint. think of the 8 ways of knowing)
Potential answers:
How many hairs does a human lose on average per day?
A) <10
B) 10-50
C) 50-100
D) >100
A student feels anxious when hearing the school bell before a test. Explain how this response was learned. (Hint. Use the terms, NS, UCS, UCR, CS and CR.)
The school bell (NS) was repeatedly paired with an exam situation that naturally causes anxiety (UCS), producing anxiety (UCR). The bell becomes a CS that now produces anxiety (CR).
A student consistently completes their homework on time. Their teacher responds by giving them a stamp on their reward chart each time. Over time, the student continues to complete homework regularly. Apply the stages of operant conditioning to this scenario.
Antecedent: The student is given a homework task to complete.
Behaviour: The student completes their homework on time.
Consequence: The teacher gives a stamp on the reward chart (positive reinforcement), increasing the likelihood of the behaviour continuing.
Apply all five stages (attention, retention, reproduction, motivation, reinforcement) to a scenario where someone learns a dance from social media.
The person first pays attention to the dance on social media because it is engaging and clearly demonstrated. They then retain the sequence of movements by encoding them into memory and creating a mental representation of the dance steps. In relation to reproduction, the learner has the physical and mental capability to perform the behaviour, meaning they are able to carry out the movements accurately if required. Their motivation to perform the dance is increased by wanting likes, approval, or social recognition (extrinsic motivation). Finally, reinforcement (external) occurs when they receive positive feedback such as likes or comments, which strengthens the likelihood of the behaviour being performed in future.
How does Aboriginal learning support identity and belonging?
It connects learners to culture, family, and Country.
What is a 'donnybrook'?
A) Knife
B) Fight
C) Illness
D) Fish
B) Fight