The localisation of function in the brain
Broca's area is involved in what?
Speech Production
What is the component of the working memory model involved in retrieving long term memory and encoding working memory to long-term memory?
Episodic Buffer
UCS stands for what?
Unconditioned Stimulus
Out of rods or cones, which are responsible for colour vision?
Cones -
C for colour
Describe neurotransmission, with reference to action potentials and synaptic transmission
Action potential travels down a neuron's axon and triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, where they cross to receptor sites on the next neuron and influence whether another action potential will occur.
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or Flight automatic body responses
What is recall?
retrieve stored information using minimal cues.
What type of conditioning involves controlling behaviour by its consequences?
Operant conditioning
In visual perception, selection involves what?
selection - process of selecting important sensory information on which to focus attention from the millions of stimuli we receive
Describe the physical and psychological function of acetylcholine
Physically: enables muscle contraction
Psychologically supports processes such as learning, memory, and attention.
What is the area of the brain that connects the Wernicke's area and Broca's area?
Geschwind's territory
Remembering a fun fact about chemistry would be what type of memory?
What is an example of stimulus generalisation regarding Little Albert's conditioning?
Fear response was generalised to objects that were white and fluffy. rabbit, fur coat, dog etc..
What cells are utilised in selection?
Feature detector cells are found in the optic nerve that respond to lines of a certain length, angle or direction to break up an image for visual perception
The autonomic and somatic system make up what broader nervous system?
Peripheral nervous system
What is the function of the neurotransmitter, serotonin?
Serotonin is involved in the regulating mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain as well as feelings of wellbeing and happiness.
What memory term would be used to explain why we group mobile phone numbers into groups of four.
Chunking - the process of grouping items together to improve memory capacity especially short-term memory as a means of committing to long-term memory
What is the difference between modelling and vicarious reinforcement?
Modelling - desire to imitate the behaviour of a person to become more like them.
Vicarious reinforcement - imitate behaviour if we see someone being reward for that behaviour (vice versa).
What are the four aspects of a person's perceptual set?
past experience, emotional state, context, motivation
What three brain structures are involved in voluntary movement?
Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Primary Motor Cortex
Bad Guys Can Punch My Cousin
Describe a monosynaptic and Polysynaptic spinal reflex and provide an example for both.
A monosynaptic spinal reflex involves one synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron, resulting in a rapid response, e.g., knee-jerk reflex. A polysynaptic spinal reflex involves multiple synapses and one or more interneurons between the sensory and motor neurons. E.g., a person quickly pulls their hand away after touching something hot.
What is retrieval failure regarding the correct cues to information?
Retrieval failure suggests that the inability to retrieve material due to an absence of the right cues or a failure to use them.
Compare operant conditioning and the social learning theory.
Both operant conditioning and social learning theory explain how behaviour can be learned and changed through experience. However, operant conditioning focuses on learning through rewards and punishments, while social learning theory focuses on learning by observing and imitating others.
Describe what a visual illusion is?
Visual illusion is a figure structured so that perception will consistently differ from objective reality.
Negative reinforcement (take away annoying alarm clock noise to increase behaviour of getting out of bed)