Ecosystems and Living Things
This primary energy source is what drives every food chain and food web on Earth by allowing producers to create their own food.
What is the Sun (or sunlight)?
This key muscular organ is responsible for pumping and circulating oxygen-rich blood all around the body.
What is the heart?
This specific term describes the fixed temperature threshold at which a solid substance turns completely into a liquid state.
What is the melting point?
These are two visible, non-gas observations that provide direct physical evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place between a solid and a solution.
What is a change in colour and a change in temperature (the mixture getting warmer)?
This very hard rock type is formed directly when hot molten lava from active volcanoes cools down and solidifies.
What is igneous rock?
This scientific unit is what experts use to measure forces, including the downward pull of gravity.
What is the newton (N)?
This upward force is exerted by water against the mass of an object, allowing it to float on the surface.
What is upthrust?
This is the total amount of time required for the Moon to complete one full cycle of changing phases as observed from Earth.
What is one month?
This term describes organisms like sea urchins or abalone that feed exclusively on plant matter like kelp.
What is a herbivore?
These are the three main types of cellular blood vessels that make up the vast transport network of the human circulatory system.
What are arteries, veins, and capillaries?
This physical process is the exact thermal reverse of evaporation, turning a gas back into a liquid state.
What is condensation?
According to the particle model, this structural change explains why a solid dissolves much faster when the temperature of the water increases.
What is that water particles move faster and hit the solid with more kinetic energy and more frequent collisions?
This rock type is formed over long periods when tiny mineral pieces or organic sediments are pressed and cemented together in layers.
What is sedimentary rock?
This property represents the actual amount of matter inside an object and remains completely unchanged no matter where it travels in the universe.
What is mass?
This mathematical rule dictates whether an added object will sink to the bottom of a container of water.
What is when the mass/weight of the object is greater than the mass of the water displaced by upthrust?
This is what a student must do with their experimental measurements to check for anomalies and ensure the data gathered is highly reliable.
What is repeat the experiment (and calculate a mean)?
These three specific terms describe non-fungal microscopic organisms or pathogens that can cause infectious diseases inside the human body.
What are bacteria, viruses, and parasites?
This organ system works together with the circulatory system to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the body.
What is the respiratory system?
This is the specific structural effect that adding a solute like salt has on the boiling point of pure water.
What is increasing the boiling point?
This laboratory apparatus must be used by a scientist to accurately measure out exactly 25 cubic centimeters of a liquid reactant.
What is a measuring cylinder?
This rock type is created deep underground when existing rocks are structurally changed by intense heat and crushing pressure over time.
What is metamorphic rock?
This is the approximate mathematical weight force in Newtons of a 10-kilogram bag of potatoes sitting on the surface of the Earth.
What is 100 Newtons (using the pattern that 1 kg = 10 N)?
This circuit type features components arranged in a single continuous loop, meaning that if one lamp breaks, the entire circuit fails.
What is a series circuit?
These are two major limitations of utilizing a simple coat-hanger or 2D drawing to model our solar system.
What are that the planets are shown flat/2D, they are not to scale, they are lined up in an artificial straight line, or they lack realistic orbits?
This thick, slippery protective fluid acts as a vital body defense mechanism by trapping invading pathogens within the respiratory, digestive, or reproductive organ systems.
What is mucus?
These are three non-height-related physical changes that specifically occur in females during the onset of puberty.
What are breast development, widening of hips, growth of body hair, or acne/spots?
This similarity is shared between the processes of boiling and evaporation when looking at states of matter.
What is that both turn a liquid into a gas (or both require heat energy)?
This occurs to the remaining mass of a solid compound inside an open container during thermal decomposition when a gas product is generated.
What is the mass decreases because the generated gas escapes into the air?
These are two geological processes responsible for moving ancient buried rock fossils up to the surface where they can be discovered.
What are weathering, erosion, or rock uplift/movement?
This happens to the motion of an object when the forces acting on it from opposite directions are completely equal or balanced.
What is the object stays completely still (at rest) or continues moving at a constant speed in a straight line?
This circuit layout features components connected along separate independent branches, allowing individual lamps to burn brighter without sharing voltage.
What is a parallel circuit?
These are three critical variables a student must keep completely identical to run a fair test on how handwashing affects fungal growth on food.
What are the size of the bread slices, using bread from the same loaf, the temperature of the room, the type of plastic bag, or the duration of time?
This is the exact process by which harmful chemical substances absorbed by a primary producer travel through successive feeding levels to accumulate inside a top predator.
What is consumption (or being eaten up through the food chain)?
This is the core medical reason why astronauts must perform two hours of daily resistive exercise while experiencing weightlessness in space.
What is to prevent their bones and muscles from becoming weak (or losing bone calcium)?
This statement describes two fundamental differences between boiling and evaporation regarding temperature and location.
What is that boiling happens at one fixed temperature throughout the whole liquid, while evaporation happens at any temperature only at the surface layer?
Aside from having mass, these are three distinct physical properties that characterize gases according to the particle model.
What are having a low boiling point, being easy to compress/squash, expanding to fill their container, or exerting pressure
These are the two primary soil components that cause Soil A to stick together into a lump when squeezed, versus Soil B which pours easily through fingers.
What are clay (for Soil A) and sand/organic matter (for Soil B)?
This occurs to a 90-kilogram astronaut's mass and weight if they land on a planet where the local force of gravity is exactly half as strong as Earth's.
What is their mass stays exactly 90 kg, but their weight is cut in half (reduced to 450 Newtons)?
This is how a giant, heavy military submarine alters its total mass to successfully sink below the surface of the ocean.
What is by opening its ballast tanks to let water take the place of stored air, making its total mass greater than the water it displaces?
This is the primary biological reason why students must keep all sample bags completely sealed when observing experimental mould growth at the end of an investigation.
What is because opening the bags can release harmful mould spores that cause allergic reactions or dangerous diseases?