Cells and Organelles
A scientist looks at a tiny structure under a microscope. It is surrounded by a membrane and contains cytoplasm and genetic material. What basic unit of life is being observed?
Cell
Put these in the correct order for food travelling through the digestive tract:
Stomach → Mouth → Small intestine → Oesophagus
Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine
Which structure is the final destination for air before oxygen moves into the bloodstream?
Alveoli
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What is the name of the process where plants use sunlight to create glucose?
Photosynthesis
A cell needs to release lots of energy because it is very active. Which organelle would you expect this cell to contain in large numbers?
Mitochondria
You bite into an apple. Your teeth break it into smaller pieces before you swallow it. Is this mechanical or chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion
Put these structures in the correct order for air travelling into the lungs:
Bronchioles — Nasal cavity — Alveoli — Trachea — Bronchi
Nasal cavity → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
Blood enters a chamber of the heart called the right atrium. Which chamber does it move into next?
Right ventricle
Which part of a plant transports water throughout the plant?
Xylem
A plant cell is placed beside an animal cell. The plant cell has two structures that the animal cell does not have. Name both.
Cell wall and chloroplasts
Your body produces enzymes such as amylase. What is the main job of a digestive enzyme?
Break large food molecules into smaller molecules
Oxygen concentration is higher in the alveoli than in the blood arriving at the lungs. What process will cause the oxygen to move from the alveoli to the blood?
Diffusion
Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
Vein
What is the name of the part of a leaf that is made up of guard cells and allows gas exchange to occur?
Stomata
A cell has a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria, but no chloroplasts or cell wall. Is it more likely to be a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain your reasoning.
Animal cell.
It lacks the cell wall and chloroplasts characteristic of plant cells.
Name two organs in the digestive system that food does not travel through
Gall bladder, pancreas, liver, appendix
Lungs are warm. Explain how this feature help gas exchange.
Particles move faster in higher temperatures, so more gas particles will be able to move from the alveoli to the blood in a faster time than if the lungs were cold.
Which part of the blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
Red blood cells
Which part of a plant transports nutrients and food throughout the plant?
Phloem
Two cells have the same basic organelles, but Cell A has many more mitochondria than Cell B. Cell A is a muscle cell and Cell B is a skin cell. Explain why this difference would be useful
Muscle cells require large amounts of energy for contraction and movement, so they need more mitochondria to support energy release. Skin cells generally have a lower energy demand.
“The stomach is the only organ involved in digestion because that's where food gets broken down.” Give two reasons why this statement is incorrect.
A disease damages many of the alveoli in a person's lungs. Predict what effect this could have on the amount of oxygen reaching their body cells. Explain why.
Less oxygen would reach the body cells because there would be less effective surface area available for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli into the blood.
A student says: “Blood is just a liquid that carries oxygen.” List two more things that blood does
Transports carbon dioxide, nutrients/glucose, waste products. Fight disease. Clot blood.
What shape are plant cells?
square/angular