Category 1: First Aid Basics
What does the "D" in DRSABCD stand for?
Danger
Name one essential item you should always take on a hiking trip.
Water
What is the safest way to help someone struggling in water without getting in yourself?
Throw them a flotation device or something that floats.
What should you do if someone is choking but can still cough?
Encourage them to keep coughing.
What is an example of a positive risk in outdoor recreation?
Trying a new activity like rock climbing with proper safety gear.
In CPR, how many chest compressions should you give before two breaths?
30 compressions
What should you check before starting a hike to ensure safety?
The weather forecast
What should you do first if you see someone struggling in water?
Stay calm and assess the situation for danger.
What is the correct first aid treatment for a snake bite?
Apply a pressure bandage and immobilise the limb.
What should you do if you see a friend being pulled away by an undercurrent in a river?
Follow the Four A’s: Stay aware, assess the situation, take safe action (like throwing a flotation device), and provide aftercare if needed.
What is the first thing you should do if you find someone unconscious?
Check for danger
Why is it important to inform someone of your plans before going on an outdoor adventure?
So that someone knows your location in case of an emergency
Name one survival stroke that helps conserve energy in water.
Survival backstroke (or breaststroke, or sidestroke).
What should you do if a burn causes blisters?
Do not burst the blisters; cool the burn with running water and seek medical attention.
What is the role of "Anticipating Change" in Will Gadd’s safety principles?
Expecting the environment or situation to change, such as sudden weather shifts or equipment failures.
What is the purpose of the "Send for Help" step in DRSABCD?
To call emergency services and get professional help on the way
What two factors should be considered when planning a 3-day hike in the Blue Mountains?
Weather conditions and physical fitness of the group
What does the "Assessment" step in the Four A’s of water rescue mean?
Assessing the situation to determine the best course of action without putting yourself in danger.
Describe the difference between a sprain and a strain.
A sprain involves ligaments (joint injury), while a strain involves muscles or tendons (muscle injury).
In a rescue situation, what does "Aftercare" involve?
Providing first aid and care to the casualty until professional medical help arrives.
Explain the difference between a first-degree and a second-degree burn.
A first-degree burn affects only the outer layer of skin, while a second-degree burn affects both the outer layer and the underlying layer, causing blisters.
What is a personal responsibility you have when participating in outdoor activities with a group?
Ensuring your own safety and helping to keep the group safe by following safety rules and guidelines.
How does hypothermia occur in a water emergency, and what are its symptoms?
Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing symptoms such as shivering, slow pulse, and slurred speech.
Why is it important not to move someone with a suspected spinal injury?
Moving them can cause further damage to the spinal cord, which may result in permanent paralysis.
Justify why assessing risks before participating in outdoor activities is important using one of Will Gadd's principles.
Assessing risks helps in recognising potential hazards (Hazard Recognition), ensuring you're prepared for any changes that may occur during the activity. For example, recognising weather conditions can help prevent accidents due to unpreparedness.