Igneous Rocks
Name two main types of igneous rocks based on their formation process.
Intrusive and Extrusive
What are the layers this rock called?
Strata
What are the layers of this rock called?
Folliations
Provide an example of biological weathering.
Teachers Choice.
The ________ Scale of Hardness
Mohs
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive igneous rocks form beneath the Earth's surface from slowly cooling magma, resulting in larger crystals.
Extrusive igneous rocks form on the Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava, resulting in smaller crystals or a glassy texture.
I have large round clasts and am made of a range of other rocks. What am i?
Conglomerate
What is a parent rock?
The original rock that is made into a metamorphic
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Both break down rocks into smaller sediments. Erosion is the process that includes that taking away by wind or water.
What are the four properties of a mineral?
Hardness, Streak, Lustre, Cleavage, Colour
True or False: Igneous rocks make up the smallest amount of the volume of the Earth's crust.
False
Explain the three types of Sedimentary Rock.
Clastic - made of sediment other rocks/sand
Biological/Organic - plants and animals
Chemical - crystallisation and evaporation of minerals
What are the two types of metamorphism?
Regional and Contact
How does metamorphic rock turn into igneous rock?
Metamorphic rock -> melting -> cooling -> igneous rock
What is cleavage?
Tendency of a mineral to break into a number of smooth places. Looks like thin slabs stuck together
Give an example of a common intrusive igneous rock and describe its characteristics
Teachers Choice
Fossils that are found in certain strata and are used to help identify the age of the rock are called?
Index Fossils
Parent rock to Schist?
Shale
Explain the process of how igneous can turn into sedimentary rock and then into metamorphic rock.
Igneous Rock -> weathering and erosion -> sediment -> compaction and cementation -> sedimentary rock -> heat and pressure -> metamorphic rock
What has a hardness of 7?
Quartz
How are igneous rocks classified based on mineral composition and texture?
Mineral Composition: Mafic or Felsic
Textural Composition: fine-grained, coarse-grained, glassy, vesicular, etc.
What are the four steps in creating a sedimentary rock?
1. Wearthering and Erosion
2. Deposition
3. Compaction
4. Cementation
Parent rock to Amphibolite
Basalt
Draw the rock cycle
Teachers Choice!
What is Mr Lewis's Birth Stone?
Emerald