Genes
Where are genes located in the cell? (be specific)
Chromosomes.
What is a catalyst?
A chemical that speeds up a reaction without being used up.
If a car has a forward force of 3897 N and an opposite force of 1388 N, what will be the resultant force?
2509 N Forward
Double points: What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Water + Carbon Dioxide --> Oxygen + Glucose
Mostly molten lava, caused by volcanic activities. Molten lava cooled and the surface became a crust. Majority of the air was full of carbon dioxide, water vapour, ammonia, and methane.
Double points: Define the terms genotype and phenotype.
Genotype: The genes that code for a specific characteristic. (bb)
Phenotype: The physical characteristics of a gene. (bb = blue eyes)
Define the terms exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Endothermic = energy is taken into the reaction from the environment
Exothermic = energy is given out the environment from the reaction
Why do objects float?
The object is less dense than water.
Describe how a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis?
Lots of chlorophyll in palisade cells
Gaps in spongey mesophyll to allow gas exchange
Large surface area to capture as much sun light as possible
What is the greenhouse effect and how does it cause global warming?
Suns radiation enters the earths atmosphere.
The greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, traps the heat in our atmosphere, which warms up the earth.
Too many greenhouse gases are being produced which is leading to global warming.
If a parent with genotype Aa has a child with a parent who has genotype aa, what is the probability of the child inheriting the dominant trait?
The child has a 50% chance of inheriting the dominant (A) allele, and therefore a 50% chance of expressing the dominant trait.
Explain the conservation of mass and why sometimes it may seem like the mass has decreased through a reaction.
Mass is always conserved in a reaction.
Mass of the reactants = Mass of the products.
Mass may seem like it has decreased due to escaped gases that are unaccounted for.
What is the formula for pressure?
What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Give an equation for each.
Aerobic Respiration - Plenty of oxygen
Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Anaerobic Respiration - Lack of oxygen producing lactic acid
Glucose --> Lactic acid + Carbon Dioxide
Advantage - Reduces waste
Disadvantage - expensive process, inconvenience, and can be unhygienic.
How do gene banks help endangered species?
Gene banks store genetic information that can be used to produce/clone endangered species. (i.e., pollen, seed, and tissue banks).
Double points: What are the general equations for complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete:
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen (Excess) --> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Incomplete:
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen (not enough) --> Carbon monoxide + carbon soot + Water
Describe and explain how pressure is effected by changing the force applied and the area its being applied to.
Pressure increases with more force.
Pressure decreases with less force.
Pressure increases with less area.
Pressure decreases with more area.
Magnesium (makes chlorophyll)
Describe how humans contribute to water pollution and how it affects biodiversity.
Uses of fertilisers near bodies of water.
Fertiliser's can be washed off into rivers by rain, this causes algae blooms. This causes the oxygen levels in the water to decrease, killing all life in it. Reducing biodiversity.
Explain how natural selection leads to the evolution of a species. (in detail)
2. The variation out competes rest of the species for resources (food, mates, etc.)
3. The rest of the species start to decrease in population, allowing the variation to reproduce.
4. Variated gene is passed on through generations leading to the evolution of the species. (population increases further).
Complete the following thermal decomposition equation:
Copper carbonate --> ______ + _____
Copper carbonate --> Copper oxide + carbon dioxide.
Double points: Describe and Explain Hooke's Law (Include an equation)
Hooke's Law: F (Force) = k (spring constant) x e (extension)
The extension of a spring increases as the force applied increases, until it reaches the limit of proportionality - it becomes deformed.
Why is fermentation used for brewing alcohol and baking bread? Give a description of fermentation and its equation.
Fermentation is the anaerobic respiration of plants catalysed by yeast:
Glucose --> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
Ethanol is an alcohol
CO2 helps the bread rise by being trapped in the dough.
Describe and explain how metals can be extracted.
1. Carbon Reduction
Ores that contain metals less reactive than carbon can be displaced using carbon.
2. Electrolysis
Ores that contain metals more reactive than carbon can be extracted by using electricity.