Fossils and minerals
Fossils are most commonly found in this type of rock.
Sedimentary rock
List the 3 types of plate boundaries
Divergent, convergent, transform
The three main rock types
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
The scientists who proposed continental drift
Alfred Wegener
What is the relationshp between pressure and temperature as you go deeper into the Earth
both increase
A type of fossil that shows evidence of animal activity, like footprints.
Subduction zones often produce volcanic arcs. Explain why.
Because the descending plate melts and generates magma that rises to form volcanoes.
Constrast igneous intrusive and igneous extrusive
Intrusive- formed from magma cooling slowly underground
Extrusive - formed from lava cooling rapidly outside
The layes of the Earth from out to inner
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Compare formation of hotspot volcanoes and normal volcanoes
Both volcanoes involve the movement of magma from beneath the Earth’s surface to form volcanic structures, with magma rising due to pressure.
Hotspot volcanoes form in the middle of tectonic plates due to deep mantle plumes, whereas typical volcanoes form at plate boundaries
Two types of fossils
Trace fossils and hard fossils
Why do oceanic plates subduct beneath continental plates at convergent boundaries?
Because oceanic plates are denser than continental plates.
Explain how sedimentary rocks can become metamorphic
Through heat and pressure deep within the Earth
Pieces of evidence that Wegener used for continental drift
Matching fossils, rock formations, across continents
What did the 3 Wise Men Bring
1. Gold
2. Frankinsence
3. Myrrh
What part of the organisms is likely to fossilise
Hard parts of organisms (bones, teeth, shell)
At which type of plate boundary is the lithosphere neither created nor destroyed?
What is a transform boundary?
What are the processes involved with an Igneous rock turning into sedimentary rock
Igneous --> weathering & erosion --> sediment --> compaction & cementation --> sedimentary
Why do convection currents in the mantle drive plate movement, and what causes these currents?
Convection currents occur because heat from the core causes mantle material to rise and cooler material to sink, creating a cycle that pushes plates apart or together.
What are the 5 properties of minerals
Geologists use a set of properties to help identify minerals in the field.
True or False: The below are the five common properties:
Colour
Hardness
Lustre
Streak
Cleavage
What are the 4 steps to fossilisation
1. Organism must die.
2. Organism must decompose quickly.
3. Skeleton fossilses from compaction.
4. Weathering and erosion brings fossils to the Earth Surface.
Explain how plate tectonics drives the rock cycle.
Plate movements cause melting, uplift, and erosion, recycling rocks between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic forms.
Contrast weathering and erosion
Weathering- breaking down of rocks
Erosion - transporting weathered minerals from one location to another
How does the presence of mountain ranges like the Himalayas provide evidence for plate tectonics?
They form at convergent boundaries where continental plates collide, pushing crust upward and creating mountains.
What is Pope Leo's birth name
Robert Francis Prevost